{"id":"CVE-2026-88861","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"Capgo AAL1 Session MFA Bypass via Direct RBAC Authorization","description":"Capgo (Cap-go/capgo.app) contains an authentication bypass affecting all versions (no patched version available at time of publication). The Edge authorization path allows a password-only Supabase aal1 session to exercise privileged RBAC permissions even when the account has a verified MFA factor that has not been used for the session: the Edge JWT middleware (foundJWT() in supabase/functions/_backend/utils/hono_middleware.ts) accepts the JWT without validating its assurance level, and the direct RBAC path (checkPermission()/checkPermissionPg() in supabase/functions/_backend/utils/rbac.ts calling public.rbac_check_permission_direct()) authorizes by user ID without passing or checking the session aal, unlike the public.verify_mfa() control which correctly requires aal2. An attacker who knows only the victim's password can therefore authenticate, mint a persistent app-scoped app_admin API key that remains valid after the aal1 session is logged out, and perform privileged operations such as modifying production OTA channel configurations (validated by changing a public production channel from bundle 1.0.0 to 1.0.1), defeating the protection provided by MFA.","publishedAt":"2026-09-10T13:05:18.415Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T17:20:32.771Z","severity":{"score":8.7,"label":"High","version":"4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","source":"VulnCheck"},"assigner":"VulnCheck","products":["Cap-go capgo.app"],"affected":[{"vendor":"Cap-go","product":"capgo.app","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"0","status":"affected","lessThanOrEqual":"*","versionType":"custom"}]}],"references":["https://github.com/Cap-go/capgo.app/security/advisories/GHSA-9435-5xw9-v29h","https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/capgo-aal1-session-mfa-bypass-via-direct-rbac-authorization"],"weaknesses":["CWE-288"],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:13:26.108Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2026/88xxx/CVE-2026-88861.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2026-88861","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2026-09-10T13:05:18.415Z","dateUpdated":"2026-09-30T17:20:32.771Z","assignerShortName":"VulnCheck","assignerOrgId":"83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10","dateReserved":"2026-09-10T11:23:56.026Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"Capgo AAL1 Session MFA Bypass via Direct RBAC Authorization","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"Capgo (Cap-go/capgo.app) contains an authentication bypass affecting all versions (no patched version available at time of publication). The Edge authorization path allows a password-only Supabase aal1 session to exercise privileged RBAC permissions even when the account has a verified MFA factor that has not been used for the session: the Edge JWT middleware (foundJWT() in supabase/functions/_backend/utils/hono_middleware.ts) accepts the JWT without validating its assurance level, and the direct RBAC path (checkPermission()/checkPermissionPg() in supabase/functions/_backend/utils/rbac.ts calling public.rbac_check_permission_direct()) authorizes by user ID without passing or checking the session aal, unlike the public.verify_mfa() control which correctly requires aal2. An attacker who knows only the victim's password can therefore authenticate, mint a persistent app-scoped app_admin API key that remains valid after the aal1 session is logged out, and perform privileged operations such as modifying production OTA channel configurations (validated by changing a public production channel from bundle 1.0.0 to 1.0.1), defeating the protection provided by MFA."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"Cap-go","product":"capgo.app","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"0","status":"affected","lessThanOrEqual":"*","versionType":"custom"}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/Cap-go/capgo.app/security/advisories/GHSA-9435-5xw9-v29h","tags":["vendor-advisory"],"name":"GitHub Security Advisory (GHSA-9435-5xw9-v29h)"},{"url":"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/capgo-aal1-session-mfa-bypass-via-direct-rbac-authorization","name":"VulnCheck Advisory: Capgo AAL1 Session MFA Bypass via Direct RBAC Authorization","tags":["third-party-advisory"]}],"metrics":[{"cvssV4_0":{"Automatable":"NOT_DEFINED","Recovery":"NOT_DEFINED","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"NONE","attackVector":"NETWORK","baseScore":8.7,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","exploitMaturity":"NOT_DEFINED","privilegesRequired":"NONE","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","version":"4.0","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"HIGH","vulnIntegrityImpact":"NONE","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"NOT_DEFINED"},"format":"CVSS"},{"cvssV3_1":{"attackComplexity":"LOW","attackVector":"NETWORK","availabilityImpact":"LOW","baseScore":8.3,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"LOW","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"NONE","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L","version":"3.1"},"format":"CVSS"}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-288","lang":"en","description":"Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"VulnCheck","orgId":"83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10","dateUpdated":"2026-09-30T17:20:32.771Z"},"datePublic":"2026-08-27T00:00:00.000Z","credits":[{"lang":"en","value":"Judel777","type":"reporter"}],"x_generator":{"engine":"vulncheck-endgame"}},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","references":[{"url":"https://github.com/Cap-go/capgo.app/security/advisories/GHSA-9435-5xw9-v29h","tags":["exploit"]}],"metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"timestamp":"2026-09-15T14:13:22.833448Z","id":"CVE-2026-88861","options":[{"Exploitation":"poc"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"total"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2026-09-15T14:13:46.473Z"}}]}}}