{"id":"CVE-2026-80712","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"spi: spi-qpic-snand: write the feature value before executing SET_FEATURE","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nspi: spi-qpic-snand: write the feature value before executing SET_FEATURE\n\nqcom_spi_send_cmdaddr() programs NAND_FLASH_CMD/NAND_EXEC_CMD and submits\nthe descriptors, which makes the controller execute the command\nimmediately. For SPINAND_SET_FEATURE the value to be written is only\nplaced into NAND_FLASH_FEATURES afterwards, by qcom_spi_io_op(), in a\nsecond submission - so the chip is programmed with whatever that register\nhappened to hold from a previous operation, and the intended value is only\napplied by the *next* SET_FEATURE.\n\nMeasured on a TP-Link Archer AX55 v1 (IPQ5018, ESMT F50L1G41LB): writing\n0x40 to the configuration register (0xb0) leaves the chip at 0x00, and the\nsubsequent write of 0x00 leaves it at 0x40 - every write lands one\noperation late.\n\nThis stayed unnoticed until v6.18 added SPI-NAND OTP support together\nwith OTP entries for ESMT chips. spinand_otp_rw() enables OTP mode,\nreads, and disables it again, and mtd_otp_nvmem_add() does this during\nMTD registration. With the off-by-one, the \"disable\" write actually\napplies the previously requested value, so CFG_OTP_ENABLE ends up set:\nthe chip stays in OTP mode, every subsequent array read returns the OTP\narea instead of the array (UBI reports an empty device) and all writes\nfail with -EIO because the OTP area is write protected. On this board\nthat makes the whole flash unusable and the device unbootable.\n\nWrite the feature value into NAND_FLASH_FEATURES as part of the same\ntransaction, before NAND_EXEC_CMD. While at it, copy only the bytes the\noperation actually carries - the previous code dereferenced a 4-byte\npointer on a one-byte buffer (spinand->scratchbuf).\n\nWith this patch the flash contents read back bit-identical to a\nknown-good dump of the same board taken under the vendor firmware\n(md5-verified across partitions), and writes work.","publishedAt":"2026-08-28T06:53:11.243Z","updatedAt":"2026-08-29T06:22:28.248Z","severity":{"score":8.4,"label":"High","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","source":"Linux"},"assigner":"Linux","products":["Linux Linux"],"affected":[{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"7304d1909080ef0c9da703500a97f46c98393fcd","status":"affected","lessThan":"581e5166f0780103dc91c0d8ebc801f9af4824b0","versionType":"git"},{"version":"7304d1909080ef0c9da703500a97f46c98393fcd","status":"affected","lessThan":"3ba021079ef2ac6e21e3547328496ac42d22b56a","versionType":"git"},{"version":"7304d1909080ef0c9da703500a97f46c98393fcd","status":"affected","lessThan":"8fd62901d6bf03f274a49dd0060793cc07dd51b0","versionType":"git"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/spi/spi-qpic-snand.c"]},{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","versions":[{"version":"6.15","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","status":"unaffected","lessThan":"6.15","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.18.44","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.18.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"7.1.8","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"7.1.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"7.2","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"*","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/spi/spi-qpic-snand.c"]}],"references":["https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/581e5166f0780103dc91c0d8ebc801f9af4824b0","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ba021079ef2ac6e21e3547328496ac42d22b56a","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8fd62901d6bf03f274a49dd0060793cc07dd51b0"],"weaknesses":[],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:13:07.220Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2026/80xxx/CVE-2026-80712.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2026-80712","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2026-08-28T06:53:11.243Z","dateUpdated":"2026-08-29T06:22:28.248Z","assignerShortName":"Linux","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","dateReserved":"2026-08-26T14:34:25.788Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"spi: spi-qpic-snand: write the feature value before executing SET_FEATURE","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nspi: spi-qpic-snand: write the feature value before executing SET_FEATURE\n\nqcom_spi_send_cmdaddr() programs NAND_FLASH_CMD/NAND_EXEC_CMD and submits\nthe descriptors, which makes the controller execute the command\nimmediately. For SPINAND_SET_FEATURE the value to be written is only\nplaced into NAND_FLASH_FEATURES afterwards, by qcom_spi_io_op(), in a\nsecond submission - so the chip is programmed with whatever that register\nhappened to hold from a previous operation, and the intended value is only\napplied by the *next* SET_FEATURE.\n\nMeasured on a TP-Link Archer AX55 v1 (IPQ5018, ESMT F50L1G41LB): writing\n0x40 to the configuration register (0xb0) leaves the chip at 0x00, and the\nsubsequent write of 0x00 leaves it at 0x40 - every write lands one\noperation late.\n\nThis stayed unnoticed until v6.18 added SPI-NAND OTP support together\nwith OTP entries for ESMT chips. spinand_otp_rw() enables OTP mode,\nreads, and disables it again, and mtd_otp_nvmem_add() does this during\nMTD registration. With the off-by-one, the \"disable\" write actually\napplies the previously requested value, so CFG_OTP_ENABLE ends up set:\nthe chip stays in OTP mode, every subsequent array read returns the OTP\narea instead of the array (UBI reports an empty device) and all writes\nfail with -EIO because the OTP area is write protected. On this board\nthat makes the whole flash unusable and the device unbootable.\n\nWrite the feature value into NAND_FLASH_FEATURES as part of the same\ntransaction, before NAND_EXEC_CMD. While at it, copy only the bytes the\noperation actually carries - the previous code dereferenced a 4-byte\npointer on a one-byte buffer (spinand->scratchbuf).\n\nWith this patch the flash contents read back bit-identical to a\nknown-good dump of the same board taken under the vendor firmware\n(md5-verified across partitions), and writes work."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"7304d1909080ef0c9da703500a97f46c98393fcd","status":"affected","lessThan":"581e5166f0780103dc91c0d8ebc801f9af4824b0","versionType":"git"},{"version":"7304d1909080ef0c9da703500a97f46c98393fcd","status":"affected","lessThan":"3ba021079ef2ac6e21e3547328496ac42d22b56a","versionType":"git"},{"version":"7304d1909080ef0c9da703500a97f46c98393fcd","status":"affected","lessThan":"8fd62901d6bf03f274a49dd0060793cc07dd51b0","versionType":"git"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/spi/spi-qpic-snand.c"]},{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","versions":[{"version":"6.15","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","status":"unaffected","lessThan":"6.15","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.18.44","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.18.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"7.1.8","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"7.1.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"7.2","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"*","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/spi/spi-qpic-snand.c"]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/581e5166f0780103dc91c0d8ebc801f9af4824b0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ba021079ef2ac6e21e3547328496ac42d22b56a"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8fd62901d6bf03f274a49dd0060793cc07dd51b0"}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":8.4,"baseSeverity":"HIGH"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:L - The flaw is in the onboard Qualcomm QPIC SPI-NAND driver reached via spi_mem/MTD during driver probe and flash operations; it is not reachable through network protocols, only local kernel flash/MTD paths on embedded SoCs (IPQ5018/IPQ9574 routers, APs, gateways).\nAC:L - Every SPINAND_SET_FEATURE is deterministically one operation late because NAND_EXEC_CMD fires before NAND_FLASH_FEATURES is programmed; the OTP disable-after-read sequence reliably leaves CFG_OTP_ENABLE set without races or attacker-uncontrollable timing.\nPR:N - No attacker privileges are required once an affected kernel runs: mtd_device_parse_register() calls mtd_otp_nvmem_add() during boot, which triggers spinand_otp_rw() and bricks flash on ESMT chips with OTP support without any userspace or admin action.\nUI:N - Exploitation requires no victim interaction; the vulnerable OTP read path runs automatically during MTD registration at driver probe/boot on affected Qualcomm platforms with ESMT SPI-NAND OTP tables added in v6.18.\nS:U - Impact is confined to the same kernel/flash security boundary on the embedded device; there is no cross-VM, cross-container, or IOMMU boundary bypass—only persistent corruption of onboard SPI-NAND chip configuration and flash availability.\nC:H - When OTP mode sticks enabled, all subsequent array reads return OTP contents instead of normal flash data, disclosing factory OTP region data; the pre-fix 4-byte dereference on a 1-byte SET_FEATURE buffer also programs stale register bytes into the chip.\nI:H - Misprogrammed feature registers persistently corrupt SPI-NAND configuration; the demonstrated OTP-mode lock leaves the OTP area write-protected, all flash writes fail with -EIO, UBI sees an empty device, and the router becomes permanently unbootable until hardware reflash.\nA:H - Affected devices suffer complete loss of boot flash availability—the commit documents whole-flash unusability and unbootable TP-Link Archer AX55 boards, constituting total persistent denial of service on consumer WiFi routers and Qualcomm embedded gateways."}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"Linux","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","dateUpdated":"2026-08-29T06:22:28.248Z"},"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.15","versionEndExcluding":"6.18.44"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.15","versionEndExcluding":"7.1.8"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.15","versionEndExcluding":"7.2"}]}]}],"x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}}}}}