{"id":"CVE-2026-74409","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"wifi: rtw89: add bounds check on firmware mac_id in link lookup","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: rtw89: add bounds check on firmware mac_id in link lookup\n\nThe mac_id field in RX descriptors is 8 bits wide (0-255), but\nassoc_link_on_macid[] has only RTW89_MAX_MAC_ID_NUM (128) entries.\nWhile the driver currently assigns mac_id values below 128, the\ndescriptor value comes from firmware and is not validated before use\nas an array index. Add a defensive bounds check in\nrtw89_assoc_link_rcu_dereference() to guard against out-of-range\nfirmware values.","publishedAt":"2026-08-15T05:59:17.361Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-16T19:05:43.801Z","severity":{"score":8.8,"label":"High","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","source":"Linux"},"assigner":"Linux","products":["Linux Linux"],"affected":[{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"144c6cd24b3556e6e7a14271cee57a42ebf97450","status":"affected","lessThan":"ad445de67359f24088d4305c05fbd7e34c4e35e3","versionType":"git"},{"version":"144c6cd24b3556e6e7a14271cee57a42ebf97450","status":"affected","lessThan":"920101305e7601a33b9e01019f4ca526af2526ae","versionType":"git"},{"version":"144c6cd24b3556e6e7a14271cee57a42ebf97450","status":"affected","lessThan":"6d88244bb129755acca696f9227200f4a2d106a6","versionType":"git"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.h"]},{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","versions":[{"version":"6.14","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","status":"unaffected","lessThan":"6.14","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.18.40","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.18.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"7.1.5","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"7.1.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"7.2","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"*","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.h"]}],"references":["https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ad445de67359f24088d4305c05fbd7e34c4e35e3","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/920101305e7601a33b9e01019f4ca526af2526ae","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d88244bb129755acca696f9227200f4a2d106a6"],"weaknesses":[],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:12:58.252Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2026/74xxx/CVE-2026-74409.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2026-74409","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2026-08-15T05:59:17.361Z","dateUpdated":"2026-10-16T19:05:43.801Z","assignerShortName":"Linux","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","dateReserved":"2026-08-15T05:44:03.892Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"wifi: rtw89: add bounds check on firmware mac_id in link lookup","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: rtw89: add bounds check on firmware mac_id in link lookup\n\nThe mac_id field in RX descriptors is 8 bits wide (0-255), but\nassoc_link_on_macid[] has only RTW89_MAX_MAC_ID_NUM (128) entries.\nWhile the driver currently assigns mac_id values below 128, the\ndescriptor value comes from firmware and is not validated before use\nas an array index. Add a defensive bounds check in\nrtw89_assoc_link_rcu_dereference() to guard against out-of-range\nfirmware values."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"144c6cd24b3556e6e7a14271cee57a42ebf97450","status":"affected","lessThan":"ad445de67359f24088d4305c05fbd7e34c4e35e3","versionType":"git"},{"version":"144c6cd24b3556e6e7a14271cee57a42ebf97450","status":"affected","lessThan":"920101305e7601a33b9e01019f4ca526af2526ae","versionType":"git"},{"version":"144c6cd24b3556e6e7a14271cee57a42ebf97450","status":"affected","lessThan":"6d88244bb129755acca696f9227200f4a2d106a6","versionType":"git"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.h"]},{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","versions":[{"version":"6.14","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","status":"unaffected","lessThan":"6.14","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.18.40","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.18.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"7.1.5","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"7.1.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"7.2","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"*","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/core.h"]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ad445de67359f24088d4305c05fbd7e34c4e35e3"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/920101305e7601a33b9e01019f4ca526af2526ae"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d88244bb129755acca696f9227200f4a2d106a6"}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":8.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:A - The bug is reached when rtw89 processes WiFi RX descriptors or firmware C2H events whose mac_id is taken from device firmware after over-the-air frame reception; per kernel CNA guidance, WiFi driver bugs exploitable via injected/received 802.11 frames are Adjacent, not local or physical.\nAC:L - An adjacent attacker can repeatedly send 802.11 frames (client or softAP role) to drive normal PCI/USB RX and firmware notification paths; no rare victim state, secret, or uncontrollable memory layout is required beyond having WiFi active on an affected rtw89 device.\nPR:N - Exploitation requires only radio-range WiFi access to a victim using the rtw89 driver; the attacker needs no local shell account, kernel capability, or init-namespace root on the target system.\nUI:N - No victim interaction is required at exploitation time; once the interface is operating, malicious over-the-air traffic alone can populate firmware RX/C2H metadata with an out-of-range mac_id and hit the vulnerable lookup.\nS:U - Impact is confined to kernel/driver memory corruption and crashes on the host running rtw89; it does not cross a VM, container, or IOMMU security boundary into another authority.\nC:H - Using an unvalidated firmware mac_id (up to 255, or wider in C2H) as an index performs an out-of-bounds read of assoc_link_on_macid[], interpreting adjacent rtw89_dev fields as a station pointer and enabling further unintended kernel memory reads.\nI:H - The out-of-bounds pointer is dereferenced and used for writes and callbacks (e.g., tid_rx_stats updates, PS flag changes, ieee80211_sta_ps_transition/uapsd), giving memory corruption primitives that could be developed into arbitrary kernel write or code execution.\nA:H - Dereferencing attacker-influenced out-of-bounds pointers from assoc_link_on_macid[] can immediately trigger kernel oops/panic or hang during RX processing on production WiFi clients, softAPs, and hotspots using affected Realtek rtw89 hardware."}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"Linux","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","dateUpdated":"2026-08-17T05:46:52.696Z"},"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.14","versionEndExcluding":"6.18.40"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.14","versionEndExcluding":"7.1.5"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.14","versionEndExcluding":"7.2"}]}]}],"x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"id":"CVE-2026-74409","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-10-16T18:55:59.552190Z"}}}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2026-10-16T19:05:43.801Z"}}]}}}