{"id":"CVE-2026-72054","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"net: ip_vti: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: ip_vti: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink\n\nvti_changelink() operates on at most two netns, dev_net(dev) and the\ntunnel link netns t->net. They differ once the device is created in or\nmoved to a netns other than the one the request runs in. The rtnl\nchangelink path checks CAP_NET_ADMIN only against dev_net(dev), so a\ncaller privileged there but not in t->net can rewrite a tunnel that\nlives in t->net.\n\nGate vti_changelink() on rtnl_dev_link_net_capable() at its top,\nbefore any attribute is parsed.","publishedAt":"2026-08-15T05:52:10.679Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-19T21:19:25.227Z","severity":{"score":8.8,"label":"High","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","source":"Linux"},"assigner":"Linux","products":["Linux Linux"],"affected":[{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e","status":"affected","lessThan":"1caf737e625143c6f23c32d2b747b1a3e42e5699","versionType":"git"},{"version":"895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e","status":"affected","lessThan":"32edf8aa297745226854eda2d96c0fac66c1bb15","versionType":"git"},{"version":"895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e","status":"affected","lessThan":"973ead9e565423642e4533e1547b5d2c0476fb03","versionType":"git"},{"version":"895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e","status":"affected","lessThan":"33fd93961557ec8e3e9958995b28684c5f949394","versionType":"git"},{"version":"895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e","status":"affected","lessThan":"6d8bc0dc99472d62c57c2a3d436e6ab408592bda","versionType":"git"},{"version":"895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e","status":"affected","lessThan":"9571af2eec8023af9a1671b7f2cd4ab400011724","versionType":"git"},{"version":"895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e","status":"affected","lessThan":"88b33ee458a6ca5fbef6c53b9dba772da69dab68","versionType":"git"},{"version":"895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e","status":"affected","lessThan":"95cceadbfd52d7239bd730afdda0655287d77425","versionType":"git"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["net/ipv4/ip_vti.c"]},{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","versions":[{"version":"3.15","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","status":"unaffected","lessThan":"3.15","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.10.261","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.10.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.15.212","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.1.178","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.6.145","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.12.97","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.18.40","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.18.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"7.1.5","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"7.1.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"7.2","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"*","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["net/ipv4/ip_vti.c"]}],"references":["https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1caf737e625143c6f23c32d2b747b1a3e42e5699","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/32edf8aa297745226854eda2d96c0fac66c1bb15","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/973ead9e565423642e4533e1547b5d2c0476fb03","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/33fd93961557ec8e3e9958995b28684c5f949394","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d8bc0dc99472d62c57c2a3d436e6ab408592bda","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9571af2eec8023af9a1671b7f2cd4ab400011724","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88b33ee458a6ca5fbef6c53b9dba772da69dab68","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/95cceadbfd52d7239bd730afdda0655287d77425"],"weaknesses":["CWE-862"],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:12:58.252Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2026/72xxx/CVE-2026-72054.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2026-72054","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2026-08-15T05:52:10.679Z","dateUpdated":"2026-10-19T21:19:25.227Z","assignerShortName":"Linux","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","dateReserved":"2026-08-09T03:40:39.903Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"net: ip_vti: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: ip_vti: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink\n\nvti_changelink() operates on at most two netns, dev_net(dev) and the\ntunnel link netns t->net. They differ once the device is created in or\nmoved to a netns other than the one the request runs in. The rtnl\nchangelink path checks CAP_NET_ADMIN only against dev_net(dev), so a\ncaller privileged there but not in t->net can rewrite a tunnel that\nlives in t->net.\n\nGate vti_changelink() on rtnl_dev_link_net_capable() at its top,\nbefore any attribute is parsed."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e","status":"affected","lessThan":"1caf737e625143c6f23c32d2b747b1a3e42e5699","versionType":"git"},{"version":"895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e","status":"affected","lessThan":"32edf8aa297745226854eda2d96c0fac66c1bb15","versionType":"git"},{"version":"895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e","status":"affected","lessThan":"973ead9e565423642e4533e1547b5d2c0476fb03","versionType":"git"},{"version":"895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e","status":"affected","lessThan":"33fd93961557ec8e3e9958995b28684c5f949394","versionType":"git"},{"version":"895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e","status":"affected","lessThan":"6d8bc0dc99472d62c57c2a3d436e6ab408592bda","versionType":"git"},{"version":"895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e","status":"affected","lessThan":"9571af2eec8023af9a1671b7f2cd4ab400011724","versionType":"git"},{"version":"895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e","status":"affected","lessThan":"88b33ee458a6ca5fbef6c53b9dba772da69dab68","versionType":"git"},{"version":"895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e","status":"affected","lessThan":"95cceadbfd52d7239bd730afdda0655287d77425","versionType":"git"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["net/ipv4/ip_vti.c"]},{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","versions":[{"version":"3.15","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","status":"unaffected","lessThan":"3.15","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.10.261","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.10.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.15.212","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.1.178","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.6.145","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.12.97","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.18.40","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.18.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"7.1.5","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"7.1.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"7.2","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"*","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["net/ipv4/ip_vti.c"]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1caf737e625143c6f23c32d2b747b1a3e42e5699"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/32edf8aa297745226854eda2d96c0fac66c1bb15"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/973ead9e565423642e4533e1547b5d2c0476fb03"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/33fd93961557ec8e3e9958995b28684c5f949394"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d8bc0dc99472d62c57c2a3d436e6ab408592bda"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9571af2eec8023af9a1671b7f2cd4ab400011724"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88b33ee458a6ca5fbef6c53b9dba772da69dab68"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/95cceadbfd52d7239bd730afdda0655287d77425"}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":8.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:L - Exploitation requires RTM_NEWLINK changelink over a local rtnetlink socket; vti_changelink is only reachable from rtnl configuration, not from received IPsec or IPv4 packets handled by vti_input/vti_rcv_proto.\nAC:L - Once a VTI device exists with t->net differing from dev_net(dev) via IFLA_NET_NS_FD migration or IFLA_LINK_NETNSID newlink, a single deterministic netlink changelink bypasses the missing check with no race or memory-layout dependency.\nPR:L - The rtnl entry path requires CAP_NET_ADMIN only in dev_net(dev), obtainable by an unprivileged local user via unshare --user --map-root-user --net; no CAP_NET_ADMIN in the sticky link netns t->net is required.\nUI:N - The attack is fully programmatic through netlink from the attacker's own process; no victim action such as mounting a filesystem, opening a file, or clicking is required.\nS:C - Authorization is checked against dev_net(dev) while vti_changelink mutates tunnel state in t->net via ip_tunnel_changelink/ip_tunnel_update, crossing from the attacker's net/user namespace into another tenant's or the host's network namespace.\nC:H - An attacker can rewrite IFLA_VTI_LOCAL/REMOTE, i_key/o_key, link, and fwmark to redirect IPsec VTI traffic to an attacker-controlled endpoint, exposing decrypted inner payloads carried by the VPN tunnel in the victim link netns.\nI:H - Unauthorized changelink updates live VTI tunnel endpoints, IPsec keys, underlay netdev, and fwmark in t->net, enabling redirection and injection of IPsec-protected traffic across the namespace boundary.\nA:H - Rewriting tunnel remote/local addresses, IPsec keys, or the underlay link breaks site-to-site IPsec VPN connectivity, causing sustained loss of service for every workload depending on the affected VTI tunnel."}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"Linux","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","dateUpdated":"2026-08-17T05:39:51.024Z"},"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.15","versionEndExcluding":"5.10.261"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.15","versionEndExcluding":"5.15.212"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.15","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.178"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.15","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.145"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.15","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.97"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.15","versionEndExcluding":"6.18.40"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.15","versionEndExcluding":"7.1.5"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.15","versionEndExcluding":"7.2"}]}]}],"x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"id":"CVE-2026-72054","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-10-16T15:50:59.364061Z"}}}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-862","lang":"en","type":"CWE","description":"CWE-862 Missing Authorization"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2026-10-19T21:19:25.227Z"}}]}}}