{"id":"CVE-2026-61609","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"Pterodactyl's shared global rate-limit key on login and 2FA checkpoint enables unauthenticated panel-wide authentication lockout (DoS)","description":"Pterodactyl is a free, open-source game server management panel. From 1.7.0 until 1.13.0, the authentication rate limiter defined in RouteServiceProvider::configureRateLimiting() applied a single global bucket to the login and two-factor checkpoint endpoints instead of keying by IP or account: the fall-through Limit::perMinute(10) covering POST /auth/login and POST /auth/login/checkpoint omitted ->by(), so Laravel derived a constant cache key (md5('authentication')) shared by every request. An unauthenticated attacker sending roughly ten requests per minute from a single IP, most cheaply against the checkpoint endpoint (which has no reCAPTCHA), exhausts the shared counter and causes HTTP 429 for every user attempting to log in or complete two-factor authentication, a panel-wide authentication denial of service that also locks out administrators. This issue is fixed in version 1.13.0.","publishedAt":"2026-07-28T15:45:57.570Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-28T19:28:14.470Z","severity":{"score":7.5,"label":"High","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","source":"GitHub_M"},"assigner":"GitHub_M","products":["pterodactyl panel"],"affected":[{"vendor":"pterodactyl","product":"panel","versions":[{"version":">= 1.7.0, < 1.13.0","status":"affected"}]}],"references":["https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/security/advisories/GHSA-xvc3-826v-xf47","https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/commit/98079a01660a61980fe62a72b2c1d48f99c35a5e","https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/releases/tag/v1.13.0"],"weaknesses":["CWE-770"],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:12:32.778Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2026/61xxx/CVE-2026-61609.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2026-61609","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2026-07-28T15:45:57.570Z","dateUpdated":"2026-07-28T19:28:14.470Z","assignerShortName":"GitHub_M","assignerOrgId":"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa","dateReserved":"2026-07-10T17:36:04.597Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"Pterodactyl's shared global rate-limit key on login and 2FA checkpoint enables unauthenticated panel-wide authentication lockout (DoS)","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"Pterodactyl is a free, open-source game server management panel. From 1.7.0 until 1.13.0, the authentication rate limiter defined in RouteServiceProvider::configureRateLimiting() applied a single global bucket to the login and two-factor checkpoint endpoints instead of keying by IP or account: the fall-through Limit::perMinute(10) covering POST /auth/login and POST /auth/login/checkpoint omitted ->by(), so Laravel derived a constant cache key (md5('authentication')) shared by every request. An unauthenticated attacker sending roughly ten requests per minute from a single IP, most cheaply against the checkpoint endpoint (which has no reCAPTCHA), exhausts the shared counter and causes HTTP 429 for every user attempting to log in or complete two-factor authentication, a panel-wide authentication denial of service that also locks out administrators. This issue is fixed in version 1.13.0."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"pterodactyl","product":"panel","versions":[{"version":">= 1.7.0, < 1.13.0","status":"affected"}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/security/advisories/GHSA-xvc3-826v-xf47","name":"https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/security/advisories/GHSA-xvc3-826v-xf47","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM"]},{"url":"https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/commit/98079a01660a61980fe62a72b2c1d48f99c35a5e","name":"https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/commit/98079a01660a61980fe62a72b2c1d48f99c35a5e","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]},{"url":"https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/releases/tag/v1.13.0","name":"https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/releases/tag/v1.13.0","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"attackComplexity":"LOW","attackVector":"NETWORK","availabilityImpact":"HIGH","baseScore":7.5,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"NONE","privilegesRequired":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"NONE","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","version":"3.1"}}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-770","lang":"en","description":"CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"GitHub_M","orgId":"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa","dateUpdated":"2026-07-28T15:45:57.570Z"},"source":{"advisory":"GHSA-xvc3-826v-xf47","discovery":"UNKNOWN"}},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","references":[{"url":"https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/security/advisories/GHSA-xvc3-826v-xf47","tags":["exploit"]}],"metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"timestamp":"2026-07-28T19:27:43.426874Z","id":"CVE-2026-61609","options":[{"Exploitation":"poc"},{"Automatable":"yes"},{"Technical Impact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2026-07-28T19:28:14.470Z"}}]}}}