{"id":"CVE-2026-55588","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"ORAS CLI: Cyclic Referrer Graph Can Cause Unbounded Recursion and Resource Consumption","description":"ORAS (OCI Registry As Storage) is a CLI and library for managing artifacts in OCI registries. In ORAS CLI versions up to and including 1.3.2, the recursive referrer traversal does not track visited descriptors, so a malicious OCI registry that returns a cyclic referrer graph causes unbounded recursion and memory growth. This affects oras discover, whose recursive traversal is enabled by default because the --depth option defaults to 0 (unlimited), as well as the recursive referrer counting used by the oras backup and oras restore workflows. A cyclic graph can be as simple as A referring to B and B referring back to A. A malicious registry can use this to cause a client-side denial of service, exhausting CPU and memory and hanging automation or CI/CD pipelines that run ORAS against untrusted registry metadata. The vulnerability does not extend to code execution, artifact substitution, or integrity bypass. This issue has been fixed in version 1.3.3.","publishedAt":"2026-08-25T20:32:18.677Z","updatedAt":"2026-08-27T14:35:19.147Z","severity":{"score":6.5,"label":"Medium","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","source":"GitHub_M"},"assigner":"GitHub_M","products":["oras-project oras"],"affected":[{"vendor":"oras-project","product":"oras","versions":[{"version":"< 1.3.3","status":"affected"}]}],"references":["https://github.com/oras-project/oras/security/advisories/GHSA-298f-872v-2rcx","https://github.com/oras-project/oras/commit/440eb65d07a0631f131944d28e7c29d562ec17f3"],"weaknesses":["CWE-400","CWE-674","CWE-835"],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:12:24.861Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2026/55xxx/CVE-2026-55588.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2026-55588","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2026-08-25T20:32:18.677Z","dateUpdated":"2026-08-27T14:35:19.147Z","assignerShortName":"GitHub_M","assignerOrgId":"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa","dateReserved":"2026-06-16T23:18:03.169Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"ORAS CLI: Cyclic Referrer Graph Can Cause Unbounded Recursion and Resource Consumption","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"ORAS (OCI Registry As Storage) is a CLI and library for managing artifacts in OCI registries. In ORAS CLI versions up to and including 1.3.2, the recursive referrer traversal does not track visited descriptors, so a malicious OCI registry that returns a cyclic referrer graph causes unbounded recursion and memory growth. This affects oras discover, whose recursive traversal is enabled by default because the --depth option defaults to 0 (unlimited), as well as the recursive referrer counting used by the oras backup and oras restore workflows. A cyclic graph can be as simple as A referring to B and B referring back to A. A malicious registry can use this to cause a client-side denial of service, exhausting CPU and memory and hanging automation or CI/CD pipelines that run ORAS against untrusted registry metadata. The vulnerability does not extend to code execution, artifact substitution, or integrity bypass. This issue has been fixed in version 1.3.3."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"oras-project","product":"oras","versions":[{"version":"< 1.3.3","status":"affected"}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/oras-project/oras/security/advisories/GHSA-298f-872v-2rcx","name":"https://github.com/oras-project/oras/security/advisories/GHSA-298f-872v-2rcx","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM"]},{"url":"https://github.com/oras-project/oras/commit/440eb65d07a0631f131944d28e7c29d562ec17f3","name":"https://github.com/oras-project/oras/commit/440eb65d07a0631f131944d28e7c29d562ec17f3","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"attackComplexity":"LOW","attackVector":"NETWORK","availabilityImpact":"HIGH","baseScore":6.5,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"NONE","privilegesRequired":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"REQUIRED","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","version":"3.1"}}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-400","lang":"en","description":"CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption","type":"CWE"}]},{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-674","lang":"en","description":"CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion","type":"CWE"}]},{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-835","lang":"en","description":"CWE-835: Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"GitHub_M","orgId":"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa","dateUpdated":"2026-08-25T20:32:18.677Z"},"source":{"advisory":"GHSA-298f-872v-2rcx","discovery":"UNKNOWN"}},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"timestamp":"2026-08-27T13:52:54.479182Z","id":"CVE-2026-55588","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2026-08-27T14:35:19.147Z"}}]}}}