{"id":"CVE-2026-40156","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"PraisonAI Affected by Implicit Execution of Arbitrary Code via Automatic `tools.py` Loading","description":"PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 4.5.128, PraisonAI automatically loads a file named tools.py from the current working directory to discover and register custom agent tools. This loading process uses importlib.util.spec_from_file_location and immediately executes module-level code via spec.loader.exec_module() without explicit user consent, validation, or sandboxing. The tools.py file is loaded implicitly, even when it is not referenced in configuration files or explicitly requested by the user. As a result, merely placing a file named tools.py in the working directory is sufficient to trigger code execution. This behavior violates the expected security boundary between user-controlled project files (e.g., YAML configurations) and executable code, as untrusted content in the working directory is treated as trusted and executed automatically. If an attacker can place a malicious tools.py file into a directory where a user or automated system (e.g., CI/CD pipeline) runs praisonai, arbitrary code execution occurs immediately upon startup, before any agent logic begins.  This vulnerability is fixed in 4.5.128.","publishedAt":"2026-04-10T16:46:15.807Z","updatedAt":"2026-04-13T15:36:51.249Z","severity":{"score":7.8,"label":"High","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","source":"GitHub_M"},"assigner":"GitHub_M","products":["MervinPraison PraisonAI"],"affected":[{"vendor":"MervinPraison","product":"PraisonAI","versions":[{"version":"< 4.5.128","status":"affected"}]}],"references":["https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-2g3w-cpc4-chr4"],"weaknesses":["CWE-94","CWE-426","CWE-829"],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:11:57.932Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2026/40xxx/CVE-2026-40156.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2026-40156","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2026-04-10T16:46:15.807Z","dateUpdated":"2026-04-13T15:36:51.249Z","assignerShortName":"GitHub_M","assignerOrgId":"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa","dateReserved":"2026-04-09T19:31:56.014Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"PraisonAI Affected by Implicit Execution of Arbitrary Code via Automatic `tools.py` Loading","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 4.5.128, PraisonAI automatically loads a file named tools.py from the current working directory to discover and register custom agent tools. This loading process uses importlib.util.spec_from_file_location and immediately executes module-level code via spec.loader.exec_module() without explicit user consent, validation, or sandboxing. The tools.py file is loaded implicitly, even when it is not referenced in configuration files or explicitly requested by the user. As a result, merely placing a file named tools.py in the working directory is sufficient to trigger code execution. This behavior violates the expected security boundary between user-controlled project files (e.g., YAML configurations) and executable code, as untrusted content in the working directory is treated as trusted and executed automatically. If an attacker can place a malicious tools.py file into a directory where a user or automated system (e.g., CI/CD pipeline) runs praisonai, arbitrary code execution occurs immediately upon startup, before any agent logic begins.  This vulnerability is fixed in 4.5.128."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"MervinPraison","product":"PraisonAI","versions":[{"version":"< 4.5.128","status":"affected"}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-2g3w-cpc4-chr4","name":"https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-2g3w-cpc4-chr4","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM"]}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"attackComplexity":"LOW","attackVector":"LOCAL","availabilityImpact":"HIGH","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"REQUIRED","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"}}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-94","lang":"en","description":"CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')","type":"CWE"}]},{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-426","lang":"en","description":"CWE-426: Untrusted Search Path","type":"CWE"}]},{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-829","lang":"en","description":"CWE-829: Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"GitHub_M","orgId":"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa","dateUpdated":"2026-04-10T16:46:15.807Z"},"source":{"advisory":"GHSA-2g3w-cpc4-chr4","discovery":"UNKNOWN"}},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","references":[{"url":"https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-2g3w-cpc4-chr4","tags":["exploit"]}],"metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"timestamp":"2026-04-13T15:29:56.528951Z","id":"CVE-2026-40156","options":[{"Exploitation":"poc"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"total"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2026-04-13T15:36:51.249Z"}}]}}}