{"id":"CVE-2026-102509","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"Apache PLC4X, Apache PLC4X: Pre-authentication resource exhaustion in the OPC UA driver and the Java SPI parser","description":"Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value, Allocation of Resources Without Limits, and Uncontrolled Recursion in the Java implementation of Apache PLC4X (PLC4J) allow a malicious or impersonated device to exhaust the memory or stack of the client application, causing a denial of service.\n\nIn the OPC UA driver these defects are reachable before authentication: the offending data is parsed while the secure channel and session are being established, before the server's identity has been bound to it. Configuring a trusted server therefore does not prevent exploitation by an attacker who can \nimpersonate it.\n\nThe individual defects are:\n- Length-prefixed byte strings are allocated at the size claimed on the wire before the length is checked against the data actually received (0.10.0 through 0.13.1).\n- Array fields in generated protocol parsers pre-allocate a list with the element count claimed on the wire, allowing a single count field to trigger a multi-gigabyte allocation. This parser is shared by all PLC4J drivers; the OPC UA driver is the verified pre-authentication path (0.10.0 through 0.13.1).\n- The OPC UA driver accumulates message chunks without enforcing the negotiated maximum chunk count and message size (0.12.0 through 0.13.1).\n- The OPC UA driver pre-allocates collections using element counts received from the server (0.10.0 through 0.13.1).\n- Recursive protocol types are parsed without a nesting-depth limit. The same defect in the Go implementation is covered by  CVE-2026-102510 https://cveprocess.apache.org/cve5/CVE-2026-102510 .\n\nThis issue affects Apache PLC4X: from 0.10.0 before 1.0.0.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 1.0.0, which fixes the issue.","publishedAt":"2026-09-30T08:00:27.709Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T14:40:06.881Z","severity":{"score":8.7,"label":"High","version":"4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","source":"apache"},"assigner":"apache","products":["Apache Software Foundation Apache PLC4X"],"affected":[{"vendor":"Apache Software Foundation","product":"Apache PLC4X","packageName":"org.apache.plc4x:plc4j-spi","packageURL":"pkg:maven/org.apache.plc4x/plc4j-spi","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"0.10.0","status":"affected","lessThan":"1.0.0","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"1.0.0","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"}],"collectionURL":"https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2"},{"vendor":"Apache Software Foundation","product":"Apache PLC4X","packageName":"org.apache.plc4x:plc4j-driver-opcua","packageURL":"pkg:maven/org.apache.plc4x/plc4j-driver-opcua","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"0.10.0","status":"affected","lessThan":"1.0.0","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"1.0.0","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"}],"collectionURL":"https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2"}],"references":["https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/qngc85qhnlj7kpk3z58z0xlxhz2tn6gp"],"weaknesses":["CWE-789","CWE-770","CWE-674"],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:10:13.529Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2026/102xxx/CVE-2026-102509.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2026-102509","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2026-09-30T08:00:27.709Z","dateUpdated":"2026-09-30T14:40:06.881Z","assignerShortName":"apache","assignerOrgId":"f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09","dateReserved":"2026-09-29T11:41:21.875Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"Apache PLC4X, Apache PLC4X: Pre-authentication resource exhaustion in the OPC UA driver and the Java SPI parser","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value, Allocation of Resources Without Limits, and Uncontrolled Recursion in the Java implementation of Apache PLC4X (PLC4J) allow a malicious or impersonated device to exhaust the memory or stack of the client application, causing a denial of service.\n\nIn the OPC UA driver these defects are reachable before authentication: the offending data is parsed while the secure channel and session are being established, before the server's identity has been bound to it. Configuring a trusted server therefore does not prevent exploitation by an attacker who can \nimpersonate it.\n\nThe individual defects are:\n- Length-prefixed byte strings are allocated at the size claimed on the wire before the length is checked against the data actually received (0.10.0 through 0.13.1).\n- Array fields in generated protocol parsers pre-allocate a list with the element count claimed on the wire, allowing a single count field to trigger a multi-gigabyte allocation. This parser is shared by all PLC4J drivers; the OPC UA driver is the verified pre-authentication path (0.10.0 through 0.13.1).\n- The OPC UA driver accumulates message chunks without enforcing the negotiated maximum chunk count and message size (0.12.0 through 0.13.1).\n- The OPC UA driver pre-allocates collections using element counts received from the server (0.10.0 through 0.13.1).\n- Recursive protocol types are parsed without a nesting-depth limit. The same defect in the Go implementation is covered by  CVE-2026-102510 https://cveprocess.apache.org/cve5/CVE-2026-102510 .\n\nThis issue affects Apache PLC4X: from 0.10.0 before 1.0.0.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 1.0.0, which fixes the issue."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"Apache Software Foundation","product":"Apache PLC4X","packageName":"org.apache.plc4x:plc4j-spi","packageURL":"pkg:maven/org.apache.plc4x/plc4j-spi","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"0.10.0","status":"affected","lessThan":"1.0.0","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"1.0.0","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"}],"collectionURL":"https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2"},{"vendor":"Apache Software Foundation","product":"Apache PLC4X","packageName":"org.apache.plc4x:plc4j-driver-opcua","packageURL":"pkg:maven/org.apache.plc4x/plc4j-driver-opcua","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"0.10.0","status":"affected","lessThan":"1.0.0","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"1.0.0","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"}],"collectionURL":"https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2"}],"references":[{"url":"https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/qngc85qhnlj7kpk3z58z0xlxhz2tn6gp","tags":["vendor-advisory"]}],"metrics":[{"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"GENERAL"}],"format":"CVSS","cvssV4_0":{"attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"NONE","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","vulnIntegrityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"HIGH","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","exploitMaturity":"NOT_DEFINED","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","Automatable":"NOT_DEFINED","Recovery":"NOT_DEFINED","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"NOT_DEFINED","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED","version":"4.0","baseSeverity":"HIGH","baseScore":8.7,"vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"}}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-789","description":"CWE-789 Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value. This covers the byte strings (F2), the array counts (F4) and the element counts (f024).","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]},{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-770","description":"CWE-770 Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling. This covers the chunk accumulation (F3).","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]},{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-674","description":"CWE-674 Uncontrolled Recursion. This covers the nested mspec types (f045).","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"apache","orgId":"f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09","dateUpdated":"2026-09-30T08:00:27.709Z"},"source":{"discovery":"EXTERNAL"},"timeline":[{"time":"2026-07-09T12:11:00.000Z","lang":"en","value":"reported to the Apache Security Team"},{"time":"2026-07-10T12:11:00.000Z","lang":"en","value":"reported issues fixed on develop (a2dbb6bfc0, 5a4d5bdb4c)"},{"time":"2026-09-07T12:12:00.000Z","lang":"en","value":"Apache PLC4X 1.0.0 released with the fixes"}],"credits":[{"lang":"en","value":"Abhinav Agarwal","type":"finder"}],"x_generator":{"engine":"Vulnogram 1.0.3"}},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"timestamp":"2026-09-30T14:39:55.913450Z","id":"CVE-2026-102509","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"yes"},{"Technical Impact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2026-09-30T14:40:06.881Z"}}]}}}