{"id":"CVE-2026-102277","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"brace-expansion: Quadratic-time expansion of the `{a},b}` rewrite causes CPU denial of service","description":"The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12, the expand function handles untrusted {a},b}-shaped patterns with many trailing closing braces by restarting its scan once for each trailing closing brace. The successive full-input rescans with linear working-string growth cause quadratic CPU time and memory pressure that can block the Node.js event loop. The process eventually recovers, making the impact a recoverable CPU denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12.","publishedAt":"2026-09-28T20:54:46.160Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-29T19:38:56.637Z","severity":{"score":5.3,"label":"Medium","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","source":"GitHub_M"},"assigner":"GitHub_M","products":["juliangruber brace-expansion"],"affected":[{"vendor":"juliangruber","product":"brace-expansion","versions":[{"version":">= 4.0.0, < 5.0.12","status":"affected"},{"version":">= 3.0.0, < 3.0.9","status":"affected"},{"version":">= 2.0.0, < 2.1.7","status":"affected"},{"version":"< 1.1.21","status":"affected"}]}],"references":["https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/33a5ef17b8d800bbfa8c52b14c39043b6aac1a96","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/bdff773f98e5988616b7039cc9b508df5d640b22","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/c55e67d8d8b1c56a2474afff15c2891166b2d364","https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/ffdfa3e3806bed17c0874b8f1439b084de354a7e"],"weaknesses":["CWE-400","CWE-407"],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:10:13.529Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2026/102xxx/CVE-2026-102277.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2026-102277","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2026-09-28T20:54:46.160Z","dateUpdated":"2026-09-29T19:38:56.637Z","assignerShortName":"GitHub_M","assignerOrgId":"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa","dateReserved":"2026-09-28T20:11:16.659Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"brace-expansion: Quadratic-time expansion of the `{a},b}` rewrite causes CPU denial of service","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12, the expand function handles untrusted {a},b}-shaped patterns with many trailing closing braces by restarting its scan once for each trailing closing brace. The successive full-input rescans with linear working-string growth cause quadratic CPU time and memory pressure that can block the Node.js event loop. The process eventually recovers, making the impact a recoverable CPU denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"juliangruber","product":"brace-expansion","versions":[{"version":">= 4.0.0, < 5.0.12","status":"affected"},{"version":">= 3.0.0, < 3.0.9","status":"affected"},{"version":">= 2.0.0, < 2.1.7","status":"affected"},{"version":"< 1.1.21","status":"affected"}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr","name":"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM"]},{"url":"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/33a5ef17b8d800bbfa8c52b14c39043b6aac1a96","name":"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/33a5ef17b8d800bbfa8c52b14c39043b6aac1a96","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]},{"url":"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/bdff773f98e5988616b7039cc9b508df5d640b22","name":"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/bdff773f98e5988616b7039cc9b508df5d640b22","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]},{"url":"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/c55e67d8d8b1c56a2474afff15c2891166b2d364","name":"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/c55e67d8d8b1c56a2474afff15c2891166b2d364","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]},{"url":"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/ffdfa3e3806bed17c0874b8f1439b084de354a7e","name":"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/ffdfa3e3806bed17c0874b8f1439b084de354a7e","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"attackComplexity":"LOW","attackVector":"NETWORK","availabilityImpact":"LOW","baseScore":5.3,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"NONE","privilegesRequired":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"NONE","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L","version":"3.1"}}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-400","lang":"en","description":"CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption","type":"CWE"}]},{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-407","lang":"en","description":"CWE-407: Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"GitHub_M","orgId":"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa","dateUpdated":"2026-09-28T20:54:46.160Z"},"source":{"advisory":"GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr","discovery":"UNKNOWN"}},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"timestamp":"2026-09-29T19:38:46.678388Z","id":"CVE-2026-102277","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"yes"},{"Technical Impact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2026-09-29T19:38:56.637Z"}}]}}}