{"id":"CVE-2025-9961","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"Authenticated RCE by CWMP binary","description":"An authenticated attacker may remotely execute arbitrary code via the CWMP binary on the devices AX10 and AX1500. \n\nThe exploit can only be conducted via a Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attack. \n\nThis issue affects AX10 V1/V1.2/V2/V2.6/V3/V3.6: before 1.2.1; AX1500 V1/V1.20/V1.26/V1.60/V1.80/V2.60/V3.6: before 1.3.11.","publishedAt":"2025-09-06T06:50:59.558Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-26T17:49:11.572Z","severity":{"score":8.6,"label":"High","version":"4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","source":"TPLink"},"assigner":"TPLink","products":["TP-Link Systems Inc. AX10 V1/V1.2/V2/V2.6/V3/V3.6","TP-Link Systems Inc. AX1500 V1/V1.20/V1.26/V1.60/V1.80/V2.60/V3.6"],"affected":[{"vendor":"TP-Link Systems Inc.","product":"AX10 V1/V1.2/V2/V2.6/V3/V3.6","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"0","status":"affected","lessThan":"1.2.1","versionType":"custom"}]},{"vendor":"TP-Link Systems Inc.","product":"AX1500 V1/V1.20/V1.26/V1.60/V1.80/V2.60/V3.6","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"0","status":"affected","lessThan":"1.3.11","versionType":"custom"}]}],"references":["https://blog.byteray.co.uk/zero-day-alert-automated-discovery-of-critical-cwmp-stack-overflow-in-tp-link-routers-0bc495a08679","https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/faq/4647/","https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/download/archer-ax10/","https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/download/archer-ax1500/"],"weaknesses":["CWE-120"],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:10:13.529Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2025/9xxx/CVE-2025-9961.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-9961","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2025-09-06T06:50:59.558Z","dateUpdated":"2026-02-26T17:49:11.572Z","assignerShortName":"TPLink","assignerOrgId":"f23511db-6c3e-4e32-a477-6aa17d310630","dateReserved":"2025-09-03T17:19:40.584Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"Authenticated RCE by CWMP binary","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"An authenticated attacker may remotely execute arbitrary code via the CWMP binary on the devices AX10 and AX1500. \n\nThe exploit can only be conducted via a Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attack. \n\nThis issue affects AX10 V1/V1.2/V2/V2.6/V3/V3.6: before 1.2.1; AX1500 V1/V1.20/V1.26/V1.60/V1.80/V2.60/V3.6: before 1.3.11."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"TP-Link Systems Inc.","product":"AX10 V1/V1.2/V2/V2.6/V3/V3.6","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"0","status":"affected","lessThan":"1.2.1","versionType":"custom"}]},{"vendor":"TP-Link Systems Inc.","product":"AX1500 V1/V1.20/V1.26/V1.60/V1.80/V2.60/V3.6","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"0","status":"affected","lessThan":"1.3.11","versionType":"custom"}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://blog.byteray.co.uk/zero-day-alert-automated-discovery-of-critical-cwmp-stack-overflow-in-tp-link-routers-0bc495a08679"},{"url":"https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/faq/4647/","tags":["vendor-advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/download/archer-ax10/","tags":["patch"]},{"url":"https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/download/archer-ax1500/","tags":["patch"]}],"metrics":[{"cvssV4_0":{"Automatable":"NOT_DEFINED","Recovery":"NOT_DEFINED","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"NONE","attackVector":"NETWORK","baseScore":8.6,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"HIGH","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","version":"4.0","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"HIGH","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"HIGH","vulnIntegrityImpact":"HIGH","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"NOT_DEFINED"},"format":"CVSS","scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"GENERAL"}]}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-120","description":"CWE-120 Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"TPLink","orgId":"f23511db-6c3e-4e32-a477-6aa17d310630","dateUpdated":"2025-09-06T06:50:59.558Z"},"source":{"discovery":"UNKNOWN"},"x_generator":{"engine":"Vulnogram 0.2.0"}},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"id":"CVE-2025-9961","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"Exploitation":"poc"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2025-09-09T03:55:19.533182Z"}}}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2026-02-26T17:49:11.572Z"}}]}}}