{"id":"CVE-2025-59957","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"Junos OS: EX4600 Series and QFX5000 Series: An attacker with physical access can open a persistent backdoor","description":"An Origin Validation Error vulnerability in an insufficient protected file of Juniper Networks Junos OS on EX4600 Series and QFX5000 Series allows an unauthenticated attacker with physical access to the device to create a backdoor which allows complete control of the system.\n\nWhen a device isn't configured with a root password, an attacker can modify a specific file. It's contents will be added to the Junos configuration of the device without being visible. This allows for the addition of any configuration unknown \n\nto the actual operator, which includes users, IP addresses and other configuration which could allow unauthorized access to the device.\nThis exploit is persistent across reboots and even zeroization.\n\nThe indicator of compromise is a modified /etc/config/<platform>-defaults[-flex].conf file. Review that file for unexpected configuration statements, or compare it to an unmodified version which can be extracted from the original Juniper software image file. For details on the extraction procedure please contact Juniper Technical Assistance Center (JTAC).\n\nTo restore the device to a trusted initial configuration the system needs to be reinstalled from physical media. \n\nThis issue affects Junos OS on EX4600 Series and QFX5000 Series:\n\n\n\n  *  All versions before 21.4R3,\n  *  22.2 versions before 22.2R3-S3.","publishedAt":"2025-10-09T15:43:23.110Z","updatedAt":"2025-10-09T19:49:29.942Z","severity":{"score":7,"label":"High","version":"4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/AU:N/R:U/RE:H","source":"juniper"},"assigner":"juniper","products":["Juniper Networks Junos OS"],"affected":[{"vendor":"Juniper Networks","product":"Junos OS","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"0","status":"affected","lessThan":"21.4R3","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"22.2","status":"affected","lessThan":"22.2R3-S3","versionType":"semver"}],"platforms":["EX4600","QFX5000"]}],"references":["https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA103146","https://supportportal.juniper.net/s/article/EX-QFX-Procedure-to-format-install-QFX5K-device-using-a-USB","https://support.juniper.net/support/requesting-support/"],"weaknesses":["CWE-346"],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:09:39.787Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2025/59xxx/CVE-2025-59957.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.1","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-59957","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2025-10-09T15:43:23.110Z","dateUpdated":"2025-10-09T19:49:29.942Z","assignerShortName":"juniper","assignerOrgId":"8cbe9d5a-a066-4c94-8978-4b15efeae968","dateReserved":"2025-09-23T18:19:06.954Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"Junos OS: EX4600 Series and QFX5000 Series: An attacker with physical access can open a persistent backdoor","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"An Origin Validation Error vulnerability in an insufficient protected file of Juniper Networks Junos OS on EX4600 Series and QFX5000 Series allows an unauthenticated attacker with physical access to the device to create a backdoor which allows complete control of the system.\n\nWhen a device isn't configured with a root password, an attacker can modify a specific file. It's contents will be added to the Junos configuration of the device without being visible. This allows for the addition of any configuration unknown \n\nto the actual operator, which includes users, IP addresses and other configuration which could allow unauthorized access to the device.\nThis exploit is persistent across reboots and even zeroization.\n\nThe indicator of compromise is a modified /etc/config/<platform>-defaults[-flex].conf file. Review that file for unexpected configuration statements, or compare it to an unmodified version which can be extracted from the original Juniper software image file. For details on the extraction procedure please contact Juniper Technical Assistance Center (JTAC).\n\nTo restore the device to a trusted initial configuration the system needs to be reinstalled from physical media. \n\nThis issue affects Junos OS on EX4600 Series and QFX5000 Series:\n\n\n\n  *  All versions before 21.4R3,\n  *  22.2 versions before 22.2R3-S3."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"Juniper Networks","product":"Junos OS","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"0","status":"affected","lessThan":"21.4R3","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"22.2","status":"affected","lessThan":"22.2R3-S3","versionType":"semver"}],"platforms":["EX4600","QFX5000"]}],"references":[{"url":"https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA103146","tags":["vendor-advisory"]},{"url":"https://supportportal.juniper.net/s/article/EX-QFX-Procedure-to-format-install-QFX5K-device-using-a-USB","tags":["technical-description"]},{"url":"https://support.juniper.net/support/requesting-support/","tags":["technical-description"]}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"attackComplexity":"LOW","attackVector":"PHYSICAL","availabilityImpact":"HIGH","baseScore":6.8,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"NONE","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},"format":"CVSS","scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"GENERAL"}]},{"cvssV4_0":{"Automatable":"NO","Recovery":"USER","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"NONE","attackVector":"PHYSICAL","baseScore":7,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"NONE","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/AU:N/R:U/RE:H","version":"4.0","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"HIGH","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"HIGH","vulnIntegrityImpact":"HIGH","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"HIGH"},"format":"CVSS","scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"GENERAL"}]}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-346","description":"CWE-346 Origin Validation Error","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"juniper","orgId":"8cbe9d5a-a066-4c94-8978-4b15efeae968","dateUpdated":"2025-10-09T15:43:23.110Z"},"datePublic":"2025-10-08T12:20:00.000Z","exploits":[{"lang":"en","supportingMedia":[{"base64":false,"type":"text/html","value":"Juniper SIRT is not aware of any malicious exploitation of this vulnerability."}],"value":"Juniper SIRT is not aware of any malicious exploitation of this vulnerability."}],"solutions":[{"lang":"en","supportingMedia":[{"base64":false,"type":"text/html","value":"The following software releases have been updated to resolve this specific issue: 21.4R3, 22.2R3-S3, 22.3R1, and all subsequent releases."}],"value":"The following software releases have been updated to resolve this specific issue: 21.4R3, 22.2R3-S3, 22.3R1, and all subsequent releases."}],"source":{"advisory":"JSA103146","defect":["1514927"],"discovery":"INTERNAL"},"workarounds":[{"lang":"en","supportingMedia":[{"base64":false,"type":"text/html","value":"There are no known workarounds for this issue."}],"value":"There are no known workarounds for this issue."}],"x_generator":{"engine":"Vulnogram 0.1.0-dev"}},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"timestamp":"2025-10-09T19:45:08.214706Z","id":"CVE-2025-59957","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"total"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2025-10-09T19:49:29.942Z"}}]}}}