{"id":"CVE-2025-59789","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"Apache bRPC: Stack Exhaustion via Unbounded Recursion in JSON Parser","description":"Uncontrolled recursion in the json2pb component in Apache bRPC (version < 1.15.0) on all platforms allows remote attackers to make the server crash via sending deep recursive json data.\n\nRoot Cause:\nThe bRPC json2pb component uses rapidjson to parse json data from the network. The rapidjson parser uses a recursive parsing method by default. If the input json has a large depth of recursive structure, the parser function may run into stack overflow.\n\nAffected Scenarios:\nUse bRPC server with protobuf message to serve http+json requests from untrusted network. Or directly use JsonToProtoMessage to convert json from untrusted input.\n\n\n\nHow to Fix: \n(Choose one of the following options) \n1. Upgrade bRPC to version 1.15.0, which fixes this issue.\n2. Apply this patch:  https://github.com/apache/brpc/pull/3099 \n\n\n\nNote:\nNo matter which option \n\nyou choose, you should know that the fix introduces a recursion depth limit with default value 100. It affects these functions: \n\nProtoMessageToJson, ProtoMessageToProtoJson, JsonToProtoMessage, and ProtoJsonToProtoMessage.\n\n If your requests contain json or protobuf messages that have a depth exceeding the limit, the request will be failed after applying the fix. You can modify the gflag json2pb_max_recursion_depth to change the limit.","publishedAt":"2025-12-01T10:22:41.697Z","updatedAt":"2025-12-01T15:05:18.284Z","severity":{"score":7.5,"label":"High","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","source":"CISA-ADP"},"assigner":"apache","products":["Apache Software Foundation Apache bRPC"],"affected":[{"vendor":"Apache Software Foundation","product":"Apache bRPC","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"0","status":"affected","lessThan":"1.15.0","versionType":"semver"}]}],"references":["https://lists.apache.org/thread/ozmcsztcpxn61jxod8jo8q46jo0oc1zx","http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/12/01/1"],"weaknesses":["CWE-674"],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:09:39.787Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2025/59xxx/CVE-2025-59789.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-59789","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2025-12-01T10:22:41.697Z","dateUpdated":"2025-12-01T15:05:18.284Z","assignerShortName":"apache","assignerOrgId":"f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09","dateReserved":"2025-09-20T06:17:58.940Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"Apache bRPC: Stack Exhaustion via Unbounded Recursion in JSON Parser","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"Uncontrolled recursion in the json2pb component in Apache bRPC (version < 1.15.0) on all platforms allows remote attackers to make the server crash via sending deep recursive json data.\n\nRoot Cause:\nThe bRPC json2pb component uses rapidjson to parse json data from the network. The rapidjson parser uses a recursive parsing method by default. If the input json has a large depth of recursive structure, the parser function may run into stack overflow.\n\nAffected Scenarios:\nUse bRPC server with protobuf message to serve http+json requests from untrusted network. Or directly use JsonToProtoMessage to convert json from untrusted input.\n\n\n\nHow to Fix: \n(Choose one of the following options) \n1. Upgrade bRPC to version 1.15.0, which fixes this issue.\n2. Apply this patch:  https://github.com/apache/brpc/pull/3099 \n\n\n\nNote:\nNo matter which option \n\nyou choose, you should know that the fix introduces a recursion depth limit with default value 100. It affects these functions: \n\nProtoMessageToJson, ProtoMessageToProtoJson, JsonToProtoMessage, and ProtoJsonToProtoMessage.\n\n If your requests contain json or protobuf messages that have a depth exceeding the limit, the request will be failed after applying the fix. You can modify the gflag json2pb_max_recursion_depth to change the limit."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"Apache Software Foundation","product":"Apache bRPC","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"0","status":"affected","lessThan":"1.15.0","versionType":"semver"}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://lists.apache.org/thread/ozmcsztcpxn61jxod8jo8q46jo0oc1zx","tags":["vendor-advisory"]}],"metrics":[{"other":{"content":{"text":"critical"},"type":"Textual description of severity"}}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-674","description":"CWE-674 Uncontrolled Recursion","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"apache","orgId":"f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09","dateUpdated":"2025-12-01T10:22:41.697Z"},"credits":[{"lang":"en","type":"finder","value":"Tyler Zars"}],"source":{"discovery":"EXTERNAL"},"x_generator":{"engine":"Vulnogram 0.2.0"}},"adp":[{"title":"CVE Program Container","references":[{"url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/12/01/1"}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CVE","orgId":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108","dateUpdated":"2025-12-01T11:05:54.538Z"}},{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"scope":"UNCHANGED","version":"3.1","baseScore":7.5,"attackVector":"NETWORK","baseSeverity":"HIGH","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","integrityImpact":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","attackComplexity":"LOW","availabilityImpact":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"NONE","confidentialityImpact":"NONE"}},{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"timestamp":"2025-12-01T15:04:16.305638Z","id":"CVE-2025-59789","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"yes"},{"Technical Impact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2025-12-01T15:05:18.284Z"}}]}}}