{"id":"CVE-2025-55280","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"Information Disclosure Vulnerability in ZKTeco WL20","description":"This vulnerability exists in ZKTeco WL20 due to storage of Wi-Fi credentials, configuration data and system data in plaintext within the device firmware. An attacker with physical access could exploit this vulnerability by extracting the firmware and reverse engineer the binary data to access the plaintext sensitive data stored in the targeted device.  \n\nSuccessful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow the attacker to gain unauthorized network access, retrieve and manipulate data on the targeted device.","publishedAt":"2025-08-13T11:38:35.843Z","updatedAt":"2025-08-13T12:59:31.423Z","severity":{"score":5.2,"label":"Medium","version":"4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","source":"CERT-In"},"assigner":"CERT-In","products":["ZKTeco Co WL20 Biometric Attendance System"],"affected":[{"vendor":"ZKTeco Co","product":"WL20 Biometric Attendance System","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"<=ZLM31-FXO1-3.1.8","status":"affected"}]}],"references":["https://www.cert-in.org.in/s2cMainServlet?pageid=PUBVLNOTES01&VLCODE=CIVN-2025-0172"],"weaknesses":["CWE-312"],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:09:31.862Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2025/55xxx/CVE-2025-55280.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.1","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-55280","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2025-08-13T11:38:35.843Z","dateUpdated":"2025-08-13T12:59:31.423Z","assignerShortName":"CERT-In","assignerOrgId":"66834db9-ab24-42b4-be80-296b2e40335c","dateReserved":"2025-08-12T11:08:57.777Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"Information Disclosure Vulnerability in ZKTeco WL20","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"This vulnerability exists in ZKTeco WL20 due to storage of Wi-Fi credentials, configuration data and system data in plaintext within the device firmware. An attacker with physical access could exploit this vulnerability by extracting the firmware and reverse engineer the binary data to access the plaintext sensitive data stored in the targeted device.  \n\nSuccessful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow the attacker to gain unauthorized network access, retrieve and manipulate data on the targeted device."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"ZKTeco Co","product":"WL20 Biometric Attendance System","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"<=ZLM31-FXO1-3.1.8","status":"affected"}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://www.cert-in.org.in/s2cMainServlet?pageid=PUBVLNOTES01&VLCODE=CIVN-2025-0172","tags":["third-party-advisory"]}],"metrics":[{"cvssV4_0":{"Automatable":"NOT_DEFINED","Recovery":"NOT_DEFINED","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"NONE","attackVector":"PHYSICAL","baseScore":5.2,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","privilegesRequired":"NONE","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","version":"4.0","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"LOW","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"HIGH","vulnIntegrityImpact":"LOW","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"NOT_DEFINED"},"format":"CVSS","scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"GENERAL"}]}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-312","description":"CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CERT-In","orgId":"66834db9-ab24-42b4-be80-296b2e40335c","dateUpdated":"2025-08-13T11:38:35.843Z"},"credits":[{"lang":"en","type":"finder","value":"This vulnerability is reported by Shravan Singh from Kavach IoT Security."}],"impacts":[{"capecId":"CAPEC-37","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"CAPEC-37 Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data"}]}],"source":{"discovery":"UNKNOWN"},"workarounds":[{"lang":"en","supportingMedia":[{"base64":false,"type":"text/html","value":"<ul><li>Apply mitigations as per vendor instructions (whenever available) or discontinue the use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. </li><li>Perform risk assessment and implement physical security controls to prevent unauthorized access to the device.</li></ul>"}],"value":"*  Apply mitigations as per vendor instructions (whenever available) or discontinue the use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. \n  *  Perform risk assessment and implement physical security controls to prevent unauthorized access to the device."}],"x_generator":{"engine":"Vulnogram 0.2.0"}},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"timestamp":"2025-08-13T12:59:27.192496Z","id":"CVE-2025-55280","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2025-08-13T12:59:31.423Z"}}]}}}