{"id":"CVE-2025-55279","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"Hard-coded Private Key Vulnerability in ZKTeco WL20","description":"This vulnerability exists in ZKTeco WL20 due to hard-coded private key stored in plaintext within the device firmware. An attacker with physical access could exploit this vulnerability by extracting the firmware and analyzing the binary data to retrieve private key stored in the firmware of the targeted device.\n\nSuccessful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow the attacker to perform unauthorized decryption of sensitive data and Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks on the targeted device.","publishedAt":"2025-08-13T11:23:53.500Z","updatedAt":"2025-08-13T13:01:28.876Z","severity":{"score":6.9,"label":"Medium","version":"4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","source":"CERT-In"},"assigner":"CERT-In","products":["ZKTeco Co WL20 Biometric Attendance System"],"affected":[{"vendor":"ZKTeco Co","product":"WL20 Biometric Attendance System","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"<=ZLM31-FXO1-3.1.8","status":"affected"}]}],"references":["https://www.cert-in.org.in/s2cMainServlet?pageid=PUBVLNOTES01&VLCODE=CIVN-2025-0172"],"weaknesses":["CWE-798"],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:09:31.862Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2025/55xxx/CVE-2025-55279.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.1","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-55279","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2025-08-13T11:23:53.500Z","dateUpdated":"2025-08-13T13:01:28.876Z","assignerShortName":"CERT-In","assignerOrgId":"66834db9-ab24-42b4-be80-296b2e40335c","dateReserved":"2025-08-12T11:08:57.777Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"Hard-coded Private Key Vulnerability in ZKTeco WL20","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"This vulnerability exists in ZKTeco WL20 due to hard-coded private key stored in plaintext within the device firmware. An attacker with physical access could exploit this vulnerability by extracting the firmware and analyzing the binary data to retrieve private key stored in the firmware of the targeted device.\n\nSuccessful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow the attacker to perform unauthorized decryption of sensitive data and Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks on the targeted device."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"ZKTeco Co","product":"WL20 Biometric Attendance System","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"<=ZLM31-FXO1-3.1.8","status":"affected"}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://www.cert-in.org.in/s2cMainServlet?pageid=PUBVLNOTES01&VLCODE=CIVN-2025-0172","tags":["third-party-advisory"]}],"metrics":[{"cvssV4_0":{"Automatable":"NOT_DEFINED","Recovery":"NOT_DEFINED","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"NONE","attackVector":"PHYSICAL","baseScore":6.9,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","privilegesRequired":"NONE","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","version":"4.0","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"LOW","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"HIGH","vulnIntegrityImpact":"HIGH","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"NOT_DEFINED"},"format":"CVSS","scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"GENERAL"}]}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-798","description":"CWE-798: Use of Hard-coded Credentials","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CERT-In","orgId":"66834db9-ab24-42b4-be80-296b2e40335c","dateUpdated":"2025-08-13T11:23:53.500Z"},"credits":[{"lang":"en","type":"finder","value":"This vulnerability is reported by Shravan Singh from Kavach IoT Security."}],"source":{"discovery":"UNKNOWN"},"workarounds":[{"lang":"en","supportingMedia":[{"base64":false,"type":"text/html","value":"<ul><li>Apply mitigations as per vendor instructions (whenever available) or discontinue the use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. </li><li>Perform risk assessment and implement physical security controls to prevent unauthorized access to the device.</li></ul>"}],"value":"*  Apply mitigations as per vendor instructions (whenever available) or discontinue the use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. \n  *  Perform risk assessment and implement physical security controls to prevent unauthorized access to the device."}],"x_generator":{"engine":"Vulnogram 0.2.0"}},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"timestamp":"2025-08-13T13:01:24.135723Z","id":"CVE-2025-55279","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"total"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2025-08-13T13:01:28.876Z"}}]}}}