{"id":"CVE-2025-54481","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER fi","description":"A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8744 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 3:\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\telse if (tag==3) {\r\n\t\t\t\t\t// character code\r\n\t\t\t\t\tchar v[17];\t\t// [1]\r\n\t\t\t\t\tif (len>16) fprintf(stderr,\"Warning MFER tag2 incorrect length %i>16\\n\",len);\r\n\t\t\t\t\tcurPos += ifread(&v,1,len,hdr);\r\n\t\t\t\t\tv[len]  = 0;\r\n\r\nIn this case, the overflowed buffer is the newly-declared `v` \\[1\\] instead of `buf`. Since `v` is only 17 bytes large, much smaller values of `len` (even those encoded using a single octet) can trigger an overflow in this code path.","publishedAt":"2025-08-25T13:53:45.359Z","updatedAt":"2025-11-03T18:13:22.531Z","severity":{"score":9.8,"label":"Critical","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","source":"talos"},"assigner":"talos","products":["The Biosig Project libbiosig"],"affected":[{"vendor":"The Biosig Project","product":"libbiosig","versions":[{"version":"3.9.0","status":"affected"},{"version":"Master Branch (35a819fa)","status":"affected"}]}],"references":["https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2234","https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2234"],"weaknesses":["CWE-121"],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:09:31.862Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2025/54xxx/CVE-2025-54481.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-54481","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2025-08-25T13:53:45.359Z","dateUpdated":"2025-11-03T18:13:22.531Z","assignerShortName":"talos","assignerOrgId":"b86d76f8-0f8a-4a96-a78d-d8abfc7fc29b","dateReserved":"2025-07-23T14:45:55.835Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8744 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 3:\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\telse if (tag==3) {\r\n\t\t\t\t\t// character code\r\n\t\t\t\t\tchar v[17];\t\t// [1]\r\n\t\t\t\t\tif (len>16) fprintf(stderr,\"Warning MFER tag2 incorrect length %i>16\\n\",len);\r\n\t\t\t\t\tcurPos += ifread(&v,1,len,hdr);\r\n\t\t\t\t\tv[len]  = 0;\r\n\r\nIn this case, the overflowed buffer is the newly-declared `v` \\[1\\] instead of `buf`. Since `v` is only 17 bytes large, much smaller values of `len` (even those encoded using a single octet) can trigger an overflow in this code path."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"The Biosig Project","product":"libbiosig","versions":[{"version":"3.9.0","status":"affected"},{"version":"Master Branch (35a819fa)","status":"affected"}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2234","name":"https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2234"}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","availabilityImpact":"HIGH","baseScore":9.8,"baseSeverity":"CRITICAL"}}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-121","lang":"en","description":"CWE-121: Stack-based Buffer Overflow","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"talos","orgId":"b86d76f8-0f8a-4a96-a78d-d8abfc7fc29b","dateUpdated":"2025-08-25T13:53:45.359Z"},"credits":[{"lang":"en","value":"Discovered by Mark Bereza and Lilith >_> of Cisco Talos."}]},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"timestamp":"2025-08-25T19:10:05.248134Z","id":"CVE-2025-54481","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"yes"},{"Technical Impact":"total"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2025-08-25T19:10:14.694Z"}},{"title":"CVE Program Container","references":[{"url":"https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2234"}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CVE","orgId":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108","dateUpdated":"2025-11-03T18:13:22.531Z"}}]}}}