{"id":"CVE-2025-52471","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"ESP-NOW Integer Underflow Vulnerability Advisory","description":"ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. An integer underflow vulnerability has been identified in the ESP-NOW protocol implementation within the ESP Wi-Fi component of versions 5.4.1, 5.3.3, 5.2.5, and 5.1.6 of the ESP-IDF framework. This issue stems from insufficient validation of user-supplied data length in the packet receive function. Under certain conditions, this may lead to out-of-bounds memory access and may allow arbitrary memory write operations. On systems without a memory protection scheme, this behavior could potentially be used to achieve remote code execution (RCE) on the target device. In versions 5.4.2, 5.3.4, 5.2.6, and 5.1.6, ESP-NOW has added more comprehensive validation logic on user-supplied data length during packet reception to prevent integer underflow caused by negative value calculations. For ESP-IDF v5.3 and earlier, a workaround can be applied by validating that the `data_len` parameter received in the RX callback (registered via `esp_now_register_recv_cb()`) is a positive value before further processing. For ESP-IDF v5.4 and later, no application-level workaround is available. Users are advised to upgrade to a patched version of ESP-IDF to take advantage of the built-in mitigation.","publishedAt":"2025-06-24T19:53:06.066Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-24T20:02:18.529Z","severity":{"score":7.2,"label":"High","version":"4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U","source":"GitHub_M"},"assigner":"GitHub_M","products":["espressif esp-idf"],"affected":[{"vendor":"espressif","product":"esp-idf","versions":[{"version":"= 5.4.1","status":"affected"},{"version":"= 5.3.3","status":"affected"},{"version":"= 5.2.5","status":"affected"},{"version":"= 5.1.6","status":"affected"}]}],"references":["https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/security/advisories/GHSA-hqhh-cp47-fv5g","https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/b1a379d57430d265a53aca13d59ddfbf2e7ac409","https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/c5fc81917805f99e687c81cc56b68dc5df7ef8b5","https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/d4dafbdc3572387cd4f9a62b776580bc4ac3bde7","https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/d6ec5a52255b17c1d6ef379e89f9de2c379042f8","https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/df7757d8279871fa7a2f42ef3962c6c1ec88b8a2","https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/edc227c5eaeced999b5212943a9434379f8aad80"],"weaknesses":["CWE-191"],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:09:31.862Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2025/52xxx/CVE-2025-52471.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.1","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-52471","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2025-06-24T19:53:06.066Z","dateUpdated":"2025-06-24T20:02:18.529Z","assignerShortName":"GitHub_M","assignerOrgId":"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa","dateReserved":"2025-06-17T02:28:39.716Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"ESP-NOW Integer Underflow Vulnerability Advisory","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. An integer underflow vulnerability has been identified in the ESP-NOW protocol implementation within the ESP Wi-Fi component of versions 5.4.1, 5.3.3, 5.2.5, and 5.1.6 of the ESP-IDF framework. This issue stems from insufficient validation of user-supplied data length in the packet receive function. Under certain conditions, this may lead to out-of-bounds memory access and may allow arbitrary memory write operations. On systems without a memory protection scheme, this behavior could potentially be used to achieve remote code execution (RCE) on the target device. In versions 5.4.2, 5.3.4, 5.2.6, and 5.1.6, ESP-NOW has added more comprehensive validation logic on user-supplied data length during packet reception to prevent integer underflow caused by negative value calculations. For ESP-IDF v5.3 and earlier, a workaround can be applied by validating that the `data_len` parameter received in the RX callback (registered via `esp_now_register_recv_cb()`) is a positive value before further processing. For ESP-IDF v5.4 and later, no application-level workaround is available. Users are advised to upgrade to a patched version of ESP-IDF to take advantage of the built-in mitigation."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"espressif","product":"esp-idf","versions":[{"version":"= 5.4.1","status":"affected"},{"version":"= 5.3.3","status":"affected"},{"version":"= 5.2.5","status":"affected"},{"version":"= 5.1.6","status":"affected"}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/security/advisories/GHSA-hqhh-cp47-fv5g","name":"https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/security/advisories/GHSA-hqhh-cp47-fv5g","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM"]},{"url":"https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/b1a379d57430d265a53aca13d59ddfbf2e7ac409","name":"https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/b1a379d57430d265a53aca13d59ddfbf2e7ac409","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]},{"url":"https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/c5fc81917805f99e687c81cc56b68dc5df7ef8b5","name":"https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/c5fc81917805f99e687c81cc56b68dc5df7ef8b5","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]},{"url":"https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/d4dafbdc3572387cd4f9a62b776580bc4ac3bde7","name":"https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/d4dafbdc3572387cd4f9a62b776580bc4ac3bde7","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]},{"url":"https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/d6ec5a52255b17c1d6ef379e89f9de2c379042f8","name":"https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/d6ec5a52255b17c1d6ef379e89f9de2c379042f8","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]},{"url":"https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/df7757d8279871fa7a2f42ef3962c6c1ec88b8a2","name":"https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/df7757d8279871fa7a2f42ef3962c6c1ec88b8a2","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]},{"url":"https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/edc227c5eaeced999b5212943a9434379f8aad80","name":"https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/edc227c5eaeced999b5212943a9434379f8aad80","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]}],"metrics":[{"cvssV4_0":{"attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"PRESENT","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"HIGH","vulnIntegrityImpact":"HIGH","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"HIGH","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","baseScore":7.2,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U","version":"4.0"}}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-191","lang":"en","description":"CWE-191: Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound)","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"GitHub_M","orgId":"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa","dateUpdated":"2025-06-24T19:53:06.066Z"},"source":{"advisory":"GHSA-hqhh-cp47-fv5g","discovery":"UNKNOWN"}},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"timestamp":"2025-06-24T20:02:03.737707Z","id":"CVE-2025-52471","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"yes"},{"Technical Impact":"total"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2025-06-24T20:02:18.529Z"}}]}}}