{"id":"CVE-2025-48040","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"Malicious Key Exchange Messages may Lead to Excessive Resource Consumption","description":"Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in Erlang OTP ssh (ssh_sftp modules) allows Excessive Allocation, Flooding. This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/ssh/src/ssh_sftpd.erl.\n\nThis issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 28.0.3, OTP 27.3.4.3 and OTP 26.2.5.15, corresponding to ssh from 3.0.1 before 5.3.3, 5.2.11.3 and 5.1.4.12.","publishedAt":"2025-09-11T08:14:19.671Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-24T14:14:06.640Z","severity":{"score":6.9,"label":"Medium","version":"4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","source":"EEF"},"assigner":"EEF","products":["Erlang OTP"],"affected":[{"vendor":"Erlang","product":"OTP","packageName":"ssh","packageURL":"pkg:otp/ssh?repository_url=https:%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Ferlang%2Fotp&vcs_url=git%20https:%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Ferlang%2Fotp.git","defaultStatus":"unknown","versions":[{"version":"3.0.1","status":"affected","lessThan":"*","changes":[{"at":"5.3.3","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"5.2.11.3","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"5.1.4.12","status":"unaffected"}],"versionType":"otp"}],"cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"modules":["ssh_sftp"],"programFiles":["lib/ssh/src/ssh_sftpd.erl"],"repo":"https://github.com/erlang/otp"},{"vendor":"Erlang","product":"OTP","packageName":"erlang/otp","packageURL":"pkg:github/erlang/otp","defaultStatus":"unknown","versions":[{"version":"17.0","status":"affected","lessThan":"*","changes":[{"at":"28.0.3","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"27.3.4.3","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"26.2.5.15","status":"unaffected"}],"versionType":"otp"},{"version":"07b8f441ca711f9812fad9e9115bab3c3aa92f79","status":"affected","lessThan":"*","changes":[{"at":"7cd7abb7e19e16b027eaee6a54e1f6fbbe21181a","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"548f1295d86d0803da884db8685cc16d461d0d5a","status":"unaffected"}],"versionType":"git"}],"collectionURL":"https://github.com","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"modules":["ssh_sftp"],"programFiles":["lib/ssh/src/ssh_sftpd.erl"],"repo":"https://github.com/erlang/otp"}],"references":["https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-h7rg-6rjg-4cph","https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2025-48040.html","https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2025-48040","https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#order-of-versions","https://github.com/erlang/otp/pull/10162","https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/7cd7abb7e19e16b027eaee6a54e1f6fbbe21181a","https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/548f1295d86d0803da884db8685cc16d461d0d5a"],"weaknesses":["CWE-400","CWE-770"],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:09:23.771Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2025/48xxx/CVE-2025-48040.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-48040","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2025-09-11T08:14:19.671Z","dateUpdated":"2026-07-24T14:14:06.640Z","assignerShortName":"EEF","assignerOrgId":"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db","dateReserved":"2025-05-15T08:40:25.455Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"Malicious Key Exchange Messages may Lead to Excessive Resource Consumption","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in Erlang OTP ssh (ssh_sftp modules) allows Excessive Allocation, Flooding. This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/ssh/src/ssh_sftpd.erl.\n\nThis issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 28.0.3, OTP 27.3.4.3 and OTP 26.2.5.15, corresponding to ssh from 3.0.1 before 5.3.3, 5.2.11.3 and 5.1.4.12."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"Erlang","product":"OTP","packageName":"ssh","packageURL":"pkg:otp/ssh?repository_url=https:%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Ferlang%2Fotp&vcs_url=git%20https:%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Ferlang%2Fotp.git","defaultStatus":"unknown","versions":[{"version":"3.0.1","status":"affected","lessThan":"*","changes":[{"at":"5.3.3","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"5.2.11.3","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"5.1.4.12","status":"unaffected"}],"versionType":"otp"}],"cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"modules":["ssh_sftp"],"programFiles":["lib/ssh/src/ssh_sftpd.erl"],"repo":"https://github.com/erlang/otp"},{"vendor":"Erlang","product":"OTP","packageName":"erlang/otp","packageURL":"pkg:github/erlang/otp","defaultStatus":"unknown","versions":[{"version":"17.0","status":"affected","lessThan":"*","changes":[{"at":"28.0.3","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"27.3.4.3","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"26.2.5.15","status":"unaffected"}],"versionType":"otp"},{"version":"07b8f441ca711f9812fad9e9115bab3c3aa92f79","status":"affected","lessThan":"*","changes":[{"at":"7cd7abb7e19e16b027eaee6a54e1f6fbbe21181a","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"548f1295d86d0803da884db8685cc16d461d0d5a","status":"unaffected"}],"versionType":"git"}],"collectionURL":"https://github.com","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"modules":["ssh_sftp"],"programFiles":["lib/ssh/src/ssh_sftpd.erl"],"repo":"https://github.com/erlang/otp"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-h7rg-6rjg-4cph","tags":["vendor-advisory","related"]},{"url":"https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2025-48040.html","tags":["related"]},{"url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2025-48040","tags":["related"]},{"url":"https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#order-of-versions","tags":["x_version-scheme"]},{"url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/pull/10162","tags":["patch"]},{"url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/7cd7abb7e19e16b027eaee6a54e1f6fbbe21181a","tags":["patch"]},{"url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/548f1295d86d0803da884db8685cc16d461d0d5a","tags":["patch"]}],"metrics":[{"cvssV4_0":{"Automatable":"NOT_DEFINED","Recovery":"NOT_DEFINED","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"NONE","attackVector":"NETWORK","baseScore":6.9,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","privilegesRequired":"NONE","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","version":"4.0","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"LOW","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","vulnIntegrityImpact":"NONE","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"NOT_DEFINED"},"format":"CVSS","scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"GENERAL"}]}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-400","description":"CWE-400 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]},{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-770","description":"CWE-770 Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"EEF","orgId":"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db","dateUpdated":"2026-07-24T14:14:06.640Z"},"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"cpeMatch":[{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"26.2.5.15","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"27.3.4.3","versionStartIncluding":"27.0","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"28.0.3","versionStartIncluding":"28.0","vulnerable":true}],"negate":false,"operator":"OR"}],"operator":"AND"}],"credits":[{"lang":"en","type":"remediation developer","value":"Jakub Witczak"},{"lang":"en","type":"remediation reviewer","value":"Ingela Anderton Andin"}],"impacts":[{"capecId":"CAPEC-130","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"CAPEC-130 Excessive Allocation"}]},{"capecId":"CAPEC-125","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"CAPEC-125 Flooding"}]}],"source":{"discovery":"INTERNAL"},"workarounds":[{"lang":"en","supportingMedia":[{"base64":false,"type":"text/html","value":"<ul><li>set option <tt>parallel_login</tt> to <tt>false</tt></li><li>reduce <tt>max_sessions</tt> option</li></ul>"}],"value":"*  set option parallel_login to false\n  *  reduce max_sessions option"}],"x_generator":{"engine":"Vulnogram 0.2.0"}},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"timestamp":"2025-09-11T13:30:33.529743Z","id":"CVE-2025-48040","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"yes"},{"Technical Impact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2025-09-11T14:36:29.640Z"}}]}}}