{"id":"CVE-2025-39969","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"i40e: fix validation of VF state in get resources","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ni40e: fix validation of VF state in get resources\n\nVF state I40E_VF_STATE_ACTIVE is not the only state in which\nVF is actually active so it should not be used to determine\nif a VF is allowed to obtain resources.\n\nUse I40E_VF_STATE_RESOURCES_LOADED that is set only in\ni40e_vc_get_vf_resources_msg() and cleared during reset.","publishedAt":"2025-10-15T07:55:52.948Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-15T22:02:34.578Z","severity":{"score":8.8,"label":"High","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","source":"Linux"},"assigner":"Linux","products":["Linux Linux"],"affected":[{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"171527da84149c2c7aa6a60a64b09d24f3546298","status":"affected","lessThan":"185745d56ec958bf8aa773828213237dfcc32f5a","versionType":"git"},{"version":"eb87117c27e729b0aeef4d72ed40d6a1761b0f68","status":"affected","lessThan":"f47876788a23de296c42ef9d505b5c1630f0b4b8","versionType":"git"},{"version":"2132643b956f553f5abddc9bae20dae267b082e0","status":"affected","lessThan":"8e35c80f8570426fe0f0cc92b151ebd835975f22","versionType":"git"},{"version":"61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516","status":"affected","lessThan":"6c3981fd59ef11a75005ac9978f034da5a168b6a","versionType":"git"},{"version":"61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516","status":"affected","lessThan":"e748f1ee493f88e38b77363a60499f979d42c58a","versionType":"git"},{"version":"61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516","status":"affected","lessThan":"6128bbc7adc25c87c2f64b5eb66a280b78ef7ab7","versionType":"git"},{"version":"61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516","status":"affected","lessThan":"a991dc56d3e9a2c3db87d0c3f03c24f6595400f1","versionType":"git"},{"version":"61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516","status":"affected","lessThan":"877b7e6ffc23766448236e8732254534c518ba42","versionType":"git"},{"version":"5.4.165","status":"affected","lessThan":"5.4.300","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.10.85","status":"affected","lessThan":"5.10.245","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.15.8","status":"affected","lessThan":"5.15.194","versionType":"semver"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_virtchnl_pf.c","drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_virtchnl_pf.h"]},{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","versions":[{"version":"5.16","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","status":"unaffected","lessThan":"5.16","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.4.300","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.4.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.10.245","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.10.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.15.194","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.1.155","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.6.109","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.12.50","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.16.10","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.16.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.17","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"*","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_virtchnl_pf.c","drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_virtchnl_pf.h"]}],"references":["https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/185745d56ec958bf8aa773828213237dfcc32f5a","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f47876788a23de296c42ef9d505b5c1630f0b4b8","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8e35c80f8570426fe0f0cc92b151ebd835975f22","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6c3981fd59ef11a75005ac9978f034da5a168b6a","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e748f1ee493f88e38b77363a60499f979d42c58a","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6128bbc7adc25c87c2f64b5eb66a280b78ef7ab7","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a991dc56d3e9a2c3db87d0c3f03c24f6595400f1","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/877b7e6ffc23766448236e8732254534c518ba42"],"weaknesses":[],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:09:09.358Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2025/39xxx/CVE-2025-39969.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-39969","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2025-10-15T07:55:52.948Z","dateUpdated":"2026-10-15T22:02:34.578Z","assignerShortName":"Linux","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","dateReserved":"2025-04-16T07:20:57.149Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"i40e: fix validation of VF state in get resources","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ni40e: fix validation of VF state in get resources\n\nVF state I40E_VF_STATE_ACTIVE is not the only state in which\nVF is actually active so it should not be used to determine\nif a VF is allowed to obtain resources.\n\nUse I40E_VF_STATE_RESOURCES_LOADED that is set only in\ni40e_vc_get_vf_resources_msg() and cleared during reset."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"171527da84149c2c7aa6a60a64b09d24f3546298","status":"affected","lessThan":"185745d56ec958bf8aa773828213237dfcc32f5a","versionType":"git"},{"version":"eb87117c27e729b0aeef4d72ed40d6a1761b0f68","status":"affected","lessThan":"f47876788a23de296c42ef9d505b5c1630f0b4b8","versionType":"git"},{"version":"2132643b956f553f5abddc9bae20dae267b082e0","status":"affected","lessThan":"8e35c80f8570426fe0f0cc92b151ebd835975f22","versionType":"git"},{"version":"61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516","status":"affected","lessThan":"6c3981fd59ef11a75005ac9978f034da5a168b6a","versionType":"git"},{"version":"61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516","status":"affected","lessThan":"e748f1ee493f88e38b77363a60499f979d42c58a","versionType":"git"},{"version":"61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516","status":"affected","lessThan":"6128bbc7adc25c87c2f64b5eb66a280b78ef7ab7","versionType":"git"},{"version":"61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516","status":"affected","lessThan":"a991dc56d3e9a2c3db87d0c3f03c24f6595400f1","versionType":"git"},{"version":"61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516","status":"affected","lessThan":"877b7e6ffc23766448236e8732254534c518ba42","versionType":"git"},{"version":"5.4.165","status":"affected","lessThan":"5.4.300","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.10.85","status":"affected","lessThan":"5.10.245","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.15.8","status":"affected","lessThan":"5.15.194","versionType":"semver"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_virtchnl_pf.c","drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_virtchnl_pf.h"]},{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","versions":[{"version":"5.16","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","status":"unaffected","lessThan":"5.16","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.4.300","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.4.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.10.245","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.10.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.15.194","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.1.155","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.6.109","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.12.50","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.16.10","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.16.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.17","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"*","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_virtchnl_pf.c","drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_virtchnl_pf.h"]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/185745d56ec958bf8aa773828213237dfcc32f5a"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f47876788a23de296c42ef9d505b5c1630f0b4b8"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8e35c80f8570426fe0f0cc92b151ebd835975f22"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6c3981fd59ef11a75005ac9978f034da5a168b6a"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e748f1ee493f88e38b77363a60499f979d42c58a"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6128bbc7adc25c87c2f64b5eb66a280b78ef7ab7"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a991dc56d3e9a2c3db87d0c3f03c24f6595400f1"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/877b7e6ffc23766448236e8732254534c518ba42"}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":8.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:L - The attack is delivered over the i40e SR-IOV virtchnl mailbox by a VF the attacker already controls (guest VM with VF passthrough, or a VFIO-owning container), not over any network protocol. This is local access from the attacking context into the host PF driver.\nAC:L - `VIRTCHNL_OP_GET_VF_RESOURCES` is accepted unconditionally whenever `I40E_VF_STATE_INIT` is set, so the VF can replay it deterministically at any time with no grooming; the deterministic damage (filter teardown, `driver_caps`/`RDMAENA` reset, spurious `ACTIVE`) needs no race at all, and the freed-VSI window is widened by the handler's own `GFP_KERNEL` sleep, which the attacker can hammer at will.\nPR:L - The attacker only needs the ability to drive the VF's admin queue — kernel/root inside the assigned guest or possession of the VFIO device — which is a low-privileged position with respect to the host PF driver under attack. No host-side privileges are required.\nUI:N - The malicious VF sends the virtchnl messages entirely on its own initiative. No host administrator or other user action is needed at any point.\nS:C - The attacker executes in a guest VM (or VF-assigned container) while the corrupted state, the freed-VSI accesses, and the MAC-filter/MMIO programming all occur in the host PF driver's security authority. Impact reaches the hypervisor and other VFs/guests sharing the adapter, crossing the guest/host boundary.\nC:H - The unserialized handler reads `vsi->info.pvid`, `vsi->alloc_queue_pairs` and `vsi->info.qs_handle[0]` from a VSI that `i40e_free_vf_res()` may have already released and echoes those values back to the guest in the `virtchnl_vf_resource` reply, turning a use-after-free read into a direct host-memory disclosure channel. The VF can also read back state belonging to the PF's main VSI when `lan_vsi_idx` has been zeroed.\nI:H - The same path performs `spin_lock_bh(&vsi->mac_filter_hash_lock)` and `i40e_del_mac_filter()` — lock and hash-list writes — on freed memory, a classic UAF write primitive, and can be aimed at `pf->vsi[0]` (the host's main VSI) to delete the host's own L2 filters. Re-toggling `I40E_VF_STATE_RDMAENA` additionally re-opens `i40e_config_rdma_qvlist()`, which programs `I40E_VPINT_CEQCTL` from an unvalidated VF-supplied index.\nA:H - Dereferencing a released `struct i40e_vsi` and taking a spinlock inside freed memory will oops or panic the host kernel, and tearing down a live VF's MAC filters plus corrupting the PF's ACTIVE/RDMA state wedges networking for that VF and the adapter. A host panic takes down the hypervisor and every guest on it, and the VF can retrigger the condition indefinitely."}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"Linux","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T12:06:38.466Z"},"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.4.165","versionEndExcluding":"5.4.300"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.10.85","versionEndExcluding":"5.10.245"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.15.8","versionEndExcluding":"5.15.194"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.16","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.155"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.16","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.109"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.16","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.50"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.16","versionEndExcluding":"6.16.10"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.16","versionEndExcluding":"6.17"}]}]}],"x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"id":"CVE-2025-39969","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-10-15T21:55:24.332500Z"}}}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2026-10-15T22:02:34.578Z"}}]}}}