{"id":"CVE-2025-39956","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"igc: don't fail igc_probe() on LED setup error","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nigc: don't fail igc_probe() on LED setup error\n\nWhen igc_led_setup() fails, igc_probe() fails and triggers kernel panic\nin free_netdev() since unregister_netdev() is not called. [1]\nThis behavior can be tested using fault-injection framework, especially\nthe failslab feature. [2]\n\nSince LED support is not mandatory, treat LED setup failures as\nnon-fatal and continue probe with a warning message, consequently\navoiding the kernel panic.\n\n[1]\n kernel BUG at net/core/dev.c:12047!\n Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\n CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 937 Comm: repro-igc-led-e Not tainted 6.17.0-rc4-enjuk-tnguy-00865-gc4940196ab02 #64 PREEMPT(voluntary)\n Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014\n RIP: 0010:free_netdev+0x278/0x2b0\n [...]\n Call Trace:\n  <TASK>\n  igc_probe+0x370/0x910\n  local_pci_probe+0x3a/0x80\n  pci_device_probe+0xd1/0x200\n [...]\n\n[2]\n #!/bin/bash -ex\n\n FAILSLAB_PATH=/sys/kernel/debug/failslab/\n DEVICE=0000:00:05.0\n START_ADDR=$(grep \" igc_led_setup\" /proc/kallsyms \\\n         | awk '{printf(\"0x%s\", $1)}')\n END_ADDR=$(printf \"0x%x\" $((START_ADDR + 0x100)))\n\n echo $START_ADDR > $FAILSLAB_PATH/require-start\n echo $END_ADDR > $FAILSLAB_PATH/require-end\n echo 1 > $FAILSLAB_PATH/times\n echo 100 > $FAILSLAB_PATH/probability\n echo N > $FAILSLAB_PATH/ignore-gfp-wait\n\n echo $DEVICE > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/igc/bind","publishedAt":"2025-10-09T09:47:34.253Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-15T22:02:33.822Z","severity":{"score":7.8,"label":"High","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","source":"Linux"},"assigner":"Linux","products":["Linux Linux"],"affected":[{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"ea578703b03d5d651b091c39f717dc829155b520","status":"affected","lessThan":"bec504867acc7315de9cd96ef9161fa52a25abe8","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ea578703b03d5d651b091c39f717dc829155b520","status":"affected","lessThan":"f05e82d8553232cef150a6dbb70ed67d162abb2b","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ea578703b03d5d651b091c39f717dc829155b520","status":"affected","lessThan":"528eb4e19ec0df30d0c9ae4074ce945667dde919","versionType":"git"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/net/ethernet/intel/igc/igc.h","drivers/net/ethernet/intel/igc/igc_main.c"]},{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","versions":[{"version":"6.9","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","status":"unaffected","lessThan":"6.9","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.12.49","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.16.9","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.16.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.17","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"*","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/net/ethernet/intel/igc/igc.h","drivers/net/ethernet/intel/igc/igc_main.c"]}],"references":["https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bec504867acc7315de9cd96ef9161fa52a25abe8","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f05e82d8553232cef150a6dbb70ed67d162abb2b","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/528eb4e19ec0df30d0c9ae4074ce945667dde919"],"weaknesses":[],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:09:09.358Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2025/39xxx/CVE-2025-39956.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-39956","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2025-10-09T09:47:34.253Z","dateUpdated":"2026-10-15T22:02:33.822Z","assignerShortName":"Linux","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","dateReserved":"2025-04-16T07:20:57.149Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"igc: don't fail igc_probe() on LED setup error","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nigc: don't fail igc_probe() on LED setup error\n\nWhen igc_led_setup() fails, igc_probe() fails and triggers kernel panic\nin free_netdev() since unregister_netdev() is not called. [1]\nThis behavior can be tested using fault-injection framework, especially\nthe failslab feature. [2]\n\nSince LED support is not mandatory, treat LED setup failures as\nnon-fatal and continue probe with a warning message, consequently\navoiding the kernel panic.\n\n[1]\n kernel BUG at net/core/dev.c:12047!\n Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\n CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 937 Comm: repro-igc-led-e Not tainted 6.17.0-rc4-enjuk-tnguy-00865-gc4940196ab02 #64 PREEMPT(voluntary)\n Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014\n RIP: 0010:free_netdev+0x278/0x2b0\n [...]\n Call Trace:\n  <TASK>\n  igc_probe+0x370/0x910\n  local_pci_probe+0x3a/0x80\n  pci_device_probe+0xd1/0x200\n [...]\n\n[2]\n #!/bin/bash -ex\n\n FAILSLAB_PATH=/sys/kernel/debug/failslab/\n DEVICE=0000:00:05.0\n START_ADDR=$(grep \" igc_led_setup\" /proc/kallsyms \\\n         | awk '{printf(\"0x%s\", $1)}')\n END_ADDR=$(printf \"0x%x\" $((START_ADDR + 0x100)))\n\n echo $START_ADDR > $FAILSLAB_PATH/require-start\n echo $END_ADDR > $FAILSLAB_PATH/require-end\n echo 1 > $FAILSLAB_PATH/times\n echo 100 > $FAILSLAB_PATH/probability\n echo N > $FAILSLAB_PATH/ignore-gfp-wait\n\n echo $DEVICE > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/igc/bind"}],"affected":[{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"ea578703b03d5d651b091c39f717dc829155b520","status":"affected","lessThan":"bec504867acc7315de9cd96ef9161fa52a25abe8","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ea578703b03d5d651b091c39f717dc829155b520","status":"affected","lessThan":"f05e82d8553232cef150a6dbb70ed67d162abb2b","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ea578703b03d5d651b091c39f717dc829155b520","status":"affected","lessThan":"528eb4e19ec0df30d0c9ae4074ce945667dde919","versionType":"git"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/net/ethernet/intel/igc/igc.h","drivers/net/ethernet/intel/igc/igc_main.c"]},{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","versions":[{"version":"6.9","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","status":"unaffected","lessThan":"6.9","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.12.49","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.16.9","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.16.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.17","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"*","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/net/ethernet/intel/igc/igc.h","drivers/net/ethernet/intel/igc/igc_main.c"]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bec504867acc7315de9cd96ef9161fa52a25abe8"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f05e82d8553232cef150a6dbb70ed67d162abb2b"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/528eb4e19ec0df30d0c9ae4074ce945667dde919"}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:L - The vulnerable path is a PCI driver probe reached locally (sysfs bind, module load, PCI rescan/hotplug), and the resulting corrupted-but-registered netdev is exercised through local syscalls (ioctl, socket TX, /proc/net/dev). No remote or adjacent network input reaches `igc_probe()`.\nAC:L - The failure is deterministic once `igc_led_setup()` returns an error — the commit's own reproducer makes it fire 100% of the time — and the required slab-allocation failure is reachable through ordinary memory-exhaustion pressure with no race to win and no unknowable memory layout required.\nPR:L - A low-privileged local user can drive the system-wide slab exhaustion that makes the GFP_KERNEL allocations in `igc_led_setup()`/`led_classdev_register()` fail during any probe event, and every follow-on use-after-free on the gutted-but-registered netdev (packet transmit, `/proc/net/dev` reads, ethtool GET ioctls) is reachable with no privileges at all.\nUI:N - `igc_probe()` runs automatically on device enumeration, module load, or hotplug with no victim action required, and the post-oops UAF state is reachable without any user cooperation.\nS:U - The BUG(), the premature frees and the dangling driver/iomem state all occur inside the kernel's own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - `free_netdev()` releases `dev->ethtool`, `dev->_tx`/`dev->_rx` queue arrays and the percpu refcount/stats before hitting the BUG_ON, leaving a still-registered net_device whose freed slab objects can be reallocated and read back through unprivileged ethtool/stat/transmit paths, yielding arbitrary kernel heap disclosure.\nI:H - The same dangling `netdev_queue`/`struct ethtool` pointers on a live registered device give a use-after-free write primitive on attacker-sprayable slab memory, plus writes through the iounmap'd MMIO pointer and freed igc rings retained by the still-active adapter.\nA:H - `BUG_ON(dev->reg_state != NETREG_UNREGISTERED)` fires an invalid-opcode oops that is an immediate panic on `panic_on_oops`/hardened embedded builds, and even when it isn't the probe thread dies holding `device_lock()`, permanently wedging bind/unbind/rmmod and leaving a netdev whose next use crashes the kernel."}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"Linux","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T12:06:26.765Z"},"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.9","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.49"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.9","versionEndExcluding":"6.16.9"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.9","versionEndExcluding":"6.17"}]}]}],"x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"id":"CVE-2025-39956","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-10-15T21:55:00.586485Z"}}}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2026-10-15T22:02:33.822Z"}}]}}}