{"id":"CVE-2025-39721","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"crypto: qat - flush misc workqueue during device shutdown","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncrypto: qat - flush misc workqueue during device shutdown\n\nRepeated loading and unloading of a device specific QAT driver, for\nexample qat_4xxx, in a tight loop can lead to a crash due to a\nuse-after-free scenario. This occurs when a power management (PM)\ninterrupt triggers just before the device-specific driver (e.g.,\nqat_4xxx.ko) is unloaded, while the core driver (intel_qat.ko) remains\nloaded.\n\nSince the driver uses a shared workqueue (`qat_misc_wq`) across all\ndevices and owned by intel_qat.ko, a deferred routine from the\ndevice-specific driver may still be pending in the queue. If this\nroutine executes after the driver is unloaded, it can dereference freed\nmemory, resulting in a page fault and kernel crash like the following:\n\n    BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffa000002e50a01c\n    #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode\n    RIP: 0010:pm_bh_handler+0x1d2/0x250 [intel_qat]\n    Call Trace:\n      pm_bh_handler+0x1d2/0x250 [intel_qat]\n      process_one_work+0x171/0x340\n      worker_thread+0x277/0x3a0\n      kthread+0xf0/0x120\n      ret_from_fork+0x2d/0x50\n\nTo prevent this, flush the misc workqueue during device shutdown to\nensure that all pending work items are completed before the driver is\nunloaded.\n\nNote: This approach may slightly increase shutdown latency if the\nworkqueue contains jobs from other devices, but it ensures correctness\nand stability.","publishedAt":"2025-09-05T17:21:28.911Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-15T01:08:05.574Z","severity":null,"assigner":"Linux","products":["Linux Linux"],"affected":[{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"e5745f34113b758b45d134dec04a7df94dc67131","status":"affected","lessThan":"fa4c14a82747886d333d8baef0d26da86ba1ccf7","versionType":"git"},{"version":"e5745f34113b758b45d134dec04a7df94dc67131","status":"affected","lessThan":"5858448a6c65d8ee3f8600570d3ce19febcb33be","versionType":"git"},{"version":"e5745f34113b758b45d134dec04a7df94dc67131","status":"affected","lessThan":"fe546f5c50fc474daca6bee72caa7ab68a74c33d","versionType":"git"},{"version":"e5745f34113b758b45d134dec04a7df94dc67131","status":"affected","lessThan":"e59a52e429e13df3feb34f4853a8e36d121ed937","versionType":"git"},{"version":"e5745f34113b758b45d134dec04a7df94dc67131","status":"affected","lessThan":"3d4df408ba9bad2b205c7fb8afc1836a6a4ca88a","versionType":"git"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_common/adf_common_drv.h","drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_common/adf_init.c","drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_common/adf_isr.c"]},{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","versions":[{"version":"5.18","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","status":"unaffected","lessThan":"5.18","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.1.162","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.6.103","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.12.44","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.16.4","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.16.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.17","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"*","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_common/adf_common_drv.h","drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_common/adf_init.c","drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_common/adf_isr.c"]}],"references":["https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fa4c14a82747886d333d8baef0d26da86ba1ccf7","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5858448a6c65d8ee3f8600570d3ce19febcb33be","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fe546f5c50fc474daca6bee72caa7ab68a74c33d","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e59a52e429e13df3feb34f4853a8e36d121ed937","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3d4df408ba9bad2b205c7fb8afc1836a6a4ca88a","https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html","https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-457936.html"],"weaknesses":[],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:09:09.358Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2025/39xxx/CVE-2025-39721.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-39721","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2025-09-05T17:21:28.911Z","dateUpdated":"2026-10-15T01:08:05.574Z","assignerShortName":"Linux","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","dateReserved":"2025-04-16T07:20:57.117Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"crypto: qat - flush misc workqueue during device shutdown","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncrypto: qat - flush misc workqueue during device shutdown\n\nRepeated loading and unloading of a device specific QAT driver, for\nexample qat_4xxx, in a tight loop can lead to a crash due to a\nuse-after-free scenario. This occurs when a power management (PM)\ninterrupt triggers just before the device-specific driver (e.g.,\nqat_4xxx.ko) is unloaded, while the core driver (intel_qat.ko) remains\nloaded.\n\nSince the driver uses a shared workqueue (`qat_misc_wq`) across all\ndevices and owned by intel_qat.ko, a deferred routine from the\ndevice-specific driver may still be pending in the queue. If this\nroutine executes after the driver is unloaded, it can dereference freed\nmemory, resulting in a page fault and kernel crash like the following:\n\n    BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffa000002e50a01c\n    #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode\n    RIP: 0010:pm_bh_handler+0x1d2/0x250 [intel_qat]\n    Call Trace:\n      pm_bh_handler+0x1d2/0x250 [intel_qat]\n      process_one_work+0x171/0x340\n      worker_thread+0x277/0x3a0\n      kthread+0xf0/0x120\n      ret_from_fork+0x2d/0x50\n\nTo prevent this, flush the misc workqueue during device shutdown to\nensure that all pending work items are completed before the driver is\nunloaded.\n\nNote: This approach may slightly increase shutdown latency if the\nworkqueue contains jobs from other devices, but it ensures correctness\nand stability."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"e5745f34113b758b45d134dec04a7df94dc67131","status":"affected","lessThan":"fa4c14a82747886d333d8baef0d26da86ba1ccf7","versionType":"git"},{"version":"e5745f34113b758b45d134dec04a7df94dc67131","status":"affected","lessThan":"5858448a6c65d8ee3f8600570d3ce19febcb33be","versionType":"git"},{"version":"e5745f34113b758b45d134dec04a7df94dc67131","status":"affected","lessThan":"fe546f5c50fc474daca6bee72caa7ab68a74c33d","versionType":"git"},{"version":"e5745f34113b758b45d134dec04a7df94dc67131","status":"affected","lessThan":"e59a52e429e13df3feb34f4853a8e36d121ed937","versionType":"git"},{"version":"e5745f34113b758b45d134dec04a7df94dc67131","status":"affected","lessThan":"3d4df408ba9bad2b205c7fb8afc1836a6a4ca88a","versionType":"git"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_common/adf_common_drv.h","drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_common/adf_init.c","drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_common/adf_isr.c"]},{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","versions":[{"version":"5.18","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","status":"unaffected","lessThan":"5.18","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.1.162","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.6.103","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.12.44","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.16.4","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.16.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.17","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"*","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_common/adf_common_drv.h","drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_common/adf_init.c","drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_common/adf_isr.c"]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fa4c14a82747886d333d8baef0d26da86ba1ccf7"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5858448a6c65d8ee3f8600570d3ce19febcb33be"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fe546f5c50fc474daca6bee72caa7ab68a74c33d"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e59a52e429e13df3feb34f4853a8e36d121ed937"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3d4df408ba9bad2b205c7fb8afc1836a6a4ca88a"}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"Linux","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","dateUpdated":"2026-05-11T21:34:58.636Z"},"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.18","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.162"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.18","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.103"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.18","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.44"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.18","versionEndExcluding":"6.16.4"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.18","versionEndExcluding":"6.17"}]}]}],"x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}},"adp":[{"affected":[{"vendor":"Siemens","product":"SIMATIC 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