{"id":"CVE-2025-37998","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"openvswitch: Fix unsafe attribute parsing in output_userspace()","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nopenvswitch: Fix unsafe attribute parsing in output_userspace()\n\nThis patch replaces the manual Netlink attribute iteration in\noutput_userspace() with nla_for_each_nested(), which ensures that only\nwell-formed attributes are processed.","publishedAt":"2025-05-29T13:15:56.197Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-15T21:52:05.968Z","severity":{"score":7.8,"label":"High","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","source":"Linux"},"assigner":"Linux","products":["Linux Linux"],"affected":[{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"ccb1352e76cff0524e7ccb2074826a092dd13016","status":"affected","lessThan":"6712dc21506738f5f22b4f68b7c0d9e0df819dbd","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ccb1352e76cff0524e7ccb2074826a092dd13016","status":"affected","lessThan":"06b4f110c79716c181a8c5da007c259807840232","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ccb1352e76cff0524e7ccb2074826a092dd13016","status":"affected","lessThan":"47f7f00cf2fa3137d5c0416ef1a71bdf77901395","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ccb1352e76cff0524e7ccb2074826a092dd13016","status":"affected","lessThan":"bca8df998cce1fead8cbc69144862eadc2e34c87","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ccb1352e76cff0524e7ccb2074826a092dd13016","status":"affected","lessThan":"0236742bd959332181c1fcc41a05b7b709180501","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ccb1352e76cff0524e7ccb2074826a092dd13016","status":"affected","lessThan":"ec334aaab74705cc515205e1da3cb369fdfd93cd","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ccb1352e76cff0524e7ccb2074826a092dd13016","status":"affected","lessThan":"4fa672cbce9c86c3efb8621df1ae580d47813430","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ccb1352e76cff0524e7ccb2074826a092dd13016","status":"affected","lessThan":"6beb6835c1fbb3f676aebb51a5fee6b77fed9308","versionType":"git"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["net/openvswitch/actions.c"]},{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","versions":[{"version":"3.3","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","status":"unaffected","lessThan":"3.3","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.4.294","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.4.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.10.238","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.10.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.15.183","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.1.139","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.6.91","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.12.29","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.14.7","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.14.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.15","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"*","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["net/openvswitch/actions.c"]}],"references":["https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6712dc21506738f5f22b4f68b7c0d9e0df819dbd","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/06b4f110c79716c181a8c5da007c259807840232","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/47f7f00cf2fa3137d5c0416ef1a71bdf77901395","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bca8df998cce1fead8cbc69144862eadc2e34c87","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0236742bd959332181c1fcc41a05b7b709180501","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec334aaab74705cc515205e1da3cb369fdfd93cd","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4fa672cbce9c86c3efb8621df1ae580d47813430","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6beb6835c1fbb3f676aebb51a5fee6b77fed9308","https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-307/","https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html","https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00010.html"],"weaknesses":[],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:09:03.054Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2025/37xxx/CVE-2025-37998.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-37998","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2025-05-29T13:15:56.197Z","dateUpdated":"2026-10-15T21:52:05.968Z","assignerShortName":"Linux","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","dateReserved":"2025-04-16T04:51:23.976Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"openvswitch: Fix unsafe attribute parsing in output_userspace()","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nopenvswitch: Fix unsafe attribute parsing in output_userspace()\n\nThis patch replaces the manual Netlink attribute iteration in\noutput_userspace() with nla_for_each_nested(), which ensures that only\nwell-formed attributes are processed."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"ccb1352e76cff0524e7ccb2074826a092dd13016","status":"affected","lessThan":"6712dc21506738f5f22b4f68b7c0d9e0df819dbd","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ccb1352e76cff0524e7ccb2074826a092dd13016","status":"affected","lessThan":"06b4f110c79716c181a8c5da007c259807840232","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ccb1352e76cff0524e7ccb2074826a092dd13016","status":"affected","lessThan":"47f7f00cf2fa3137d5c0416ef1a71bdf77901395","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ccb1352e76cff0524e7ccb2074826a092dd13016","status":"affected","lessThan":"bca8df998cce1fead8cbc69144862eadc2e34c87","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ccb1352e76cff0524e7ccb2074826a092dd13016","status":"affected","lessThan":"0236742bd959332181c1fcc41a05b7b709180501","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ccb1352e76cff0524e7ccb2074826a092dd13016","status":"affected","lessThan":"ec334aaab74705cc515205e1da3cb369fdfd93cd","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ccb1352e76cff0524e7ccb2074826a092dd13016","status":"affected","lessThan":"4fa672cbce9c86c3efb8621df1ae580d47813430","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ccb1352e76cff0524e7ccb2074826a092dd13016","status":"affected","lessThan":"6beb6835c1fbb3f676aebb51a5fee6b77fed9308","versionType":"git"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["net/openvswitch/actions.c"]},{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","versions":[{"version":"3.3","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","status":"unaffected","lessThan":"3.3","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.4.294","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.4.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.10.238","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.10.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.15.183","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.1.139","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.6.91","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.12.29","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.14.7","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.14.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.15","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"*","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["net/openvswitch/actions.c"]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6712dc21506738f5f22b4f68b7c0d9e0df819dbd"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/06b4f110c79716c181a8c5da007c259807840232"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/47f7f00cf2fa3137d5c0416ef1a71bdf77901395"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bca8df998cce1fead8cbc69144862eadc2e34c87"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0236742bd959332181c1fcc41a05b7b709180501"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec334aaab74705cc515205e1da3cb369fdfd93cd"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4fa672cbce9c86c3efb8621df1ae580d47813430"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6beb6835c1fbb3f676aebb51a5fee6b77fed9308"},{"url":"https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-307/"}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:L - The malformed action must be installed through the openvswitch generic-netlink interface (OVS_PACKET_CMD_EXECUTE or OVS_FLOW_CMD_NEW), which requires a local netlink socket. A remote peer's packets cannot introduce malformed attributes, since the datapath's action list is written only by local userspace.\nAC:L - Exploitation is fully deterministic — the attacker crafts a nested attribute with nla_len of 0, 1-3, or 0xFFFF and executes it; there is no race and no dependence on memory layout to trigger the loop or the OOB copy. Liberal netlink validation accepts the malformed trailer unconditionally.\nPR:L - The OVS genl ops use GENL_UNS_ADMIN_PERM with .netnsok = true, i.e. netlink_ns_capable(skb, net->user_ns, CAP_NET_ADMIN), so an ordinary unprivileged user obtains the needed capability via `unshare -Urn` and creates their own datapath. No real root in the init namespace is required.\nUI:N - The attacker installs the action and triggers execution entirely from their own process via netlink; no victim action or cooperating process is involved.\nS:U - The corruption and disclosure are confined to the kernel that the attacker is already interacting with — standard local kernel compromise with no crossing into a hypervisor, IOMMU, or other security authority.\nC:H - A USERDATA attribute with nla_len 0xFFFF makes queue_userspace_packet() copy ~64KB from beyond the ≤32KB sw_flow_actions allocation directly into the upcall netlink message sent to the attacker's own socket, yielding a repeatable arbitrary-offset kernel heap read that defeats KASLR and leaks adjacent object contents.\nI:H - A USERDATA attribute with nla_len of 1-3 makes nla_len() negative, and queue_userspace_packet() uses __nla_put() with no tailroom check, so memcpy() is invoked with a size_t of ~2^64 — an unbounded out-of-bounds write past the skb constituting severe heap memory corruption.\nA:H - An attribute with nla_len == 0 makes NLA_ALIGN(0) == 0, so nla_next() neither advances the pointer nor decrements rem, hanging the CPU in an infinite loop inside the packet-processing path with RCU read lock held; the wild memcpy and OOB read paths additionally produce immediate oops/panic."}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"Linux","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T11:58:50.276Z"},"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.3","versionEndExcluding":"5.4.294"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.3","versionEndExcluding":"5.10.238"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.3","versionEndExcluding":"5.15.183"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.3","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.139"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.3","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.91"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.3","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.29"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.3","versionEndExcluding":"6.14.7"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.3","versionEndExcluding":"6.15"}]}]}],"x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}},"adp":[{"title":"CVE Program Container","references":[{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"},{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00010.html"}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CVE","orgId":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108","dateUpdated":"2025-11-03T19:58:12.202Z"}},{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"id":"CVE-2025-37998","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2026-10-15T21:46:40.143387Z"}}}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2026-10-15T21:52:05.968Z"}}]}}}