{"id":"CVE-2025-37923","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"tracing: Fix oob write in trace_seq_to_buffer()","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntracing: Fix oob write in trace_seq_to_buffer()\n\nsyzbot reported this bug:\n==================================================================\nBUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in trace_seq_to_buffer kernel/trace/trace.c:1830 [inline]\nBUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in tracing_splice_read_pipe+0x6be/0xdd0 kernel/trace/trace.c:6822\nWrite of size 4507 at addr ffff888032b6b000 by task syz.2.320/7260\n\nCPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 7260 Comm: syz.2.320 Not tainted 6.15.0-rc1-syzkaller-00301-g3bde70a2c827 #0 PREEMPT(full)\nHardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 02/12/2025\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]\n dump_stack_lvl+0x116/0x1f0 lib/dump_stack.c:120\n print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:408 [inline]\n print_report+0xc3/0x670 mm/kasan/report.c:521\n kasan_report+0xe0/0x110 mm/kasan/report.c:634\n check_region_inline mm/kasan/generic.c:183 [inline]\n kasan_check_range+0xef/0x1a0 mm/kasan/generic.c:189\n __asan_memcpy+0x3c/0x60 mm/kasan/shadow.c:106\n trace_seq_to_buffer kernel/trace/trace.c:1830 [inline]\n tracing_splice_read_pipe+0x6be/0xdd0 kernel/trace/trace.c:6822\n ....\n==================================================================\n\nIt has been reported that trace_seq_to_buffer() tries to copy more data\nthan PAGE_SIZE to buf. Therefore, to prevent this, we should use the\nsmaller of trace_seq_used(&iter->seq) and PAGE_SIZE as an argument.","publishedAt":"2025-05-20T15:21:51.927Z","updatedAt":"2026-08-05T11:58:24.005Z","severity":{"score":7.8,"label":"High","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","source":"Linux"},"assigner":"Linux","products":["Linux Linux"],"affected":[{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f","status":"affected","lessThan":"f4b0174e9f18aaba59ee6ffdaf8827a7f94eb606","versionType":"git"},{"version":"3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f","status":"affected","lessThan":"665ce421041890571852422487f4c613d1824ba9","versionType":"git"},{"version":"3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f","status":"affected","lessThan":"1a3f9482b50b74fa9421bff8ceecfefd0dc06f8f","versionType":"git"},{"version":"3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f","status":"affected","lessThan":"441021e5b3c7d9bd1b963590652c415929f3b157","versionType":"git"},{"version":"3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f","status":"affected","lessThan":"056ebbddb8faf4ddf83d005454dd78fc25c2d897","versionType":"git"},{"version":"3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f","status":"affected","lessThan":"1f27a3e93b8d674b24b27fcdbc6f72743cd96c0d","versionType":"git"},{"version":"3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f","status":"affected","lessThan":"c5d2b66c5ef5037b4b4360e5447605ff00ba1bd4","versionType":"git"},{"version":"3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f","status":"affected","lessThan":"f5178c41bb43444a6008150fe6094497135d07cb","versionType":"git"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["kernel/trace/trace.c"]},{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","versions":[{"version":"2.6.30","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","status":"unaffected","lessThan":"2.6.30","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.4.294","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.4.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.10.238","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.10.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.15.182","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.1.138","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.6.90","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.12.28","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.14.6","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.14.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.15","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"*","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["kernel/trace/trace.c"]}],"references":["https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f4b0174e9f18aaba59ee6ffdaf8827a7f94eb606","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/665ce421041890571852422487f4c613d1824ba9","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1a3f9482b50b74fa9421bff8ceecfefd0dc06f8f","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/441021e5b3c7d9bd1b963590652c415929f3b157","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/056ebbddb8faf4ddf83d005454dd78fc25c2d897","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1f27a3e93b8d674b24b27fcdbc6f72743cd96c0d","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c5d2b66c5ef5037b4b4360e5447605ff00ba1bd4","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f5178c41bb43444a6008150fe6094497135d07cb","https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html","https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00010.html"],"weaknesses":[],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:09:03.054Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2025/37xxx/CVE-2025-37923.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-37923","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2025-05-20T15:21:51.927Z","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T11:58:24.005Z","assignerShortName":"Linux","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","dateReserved":"2025-04-16T04:51:23.969Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"tracing: Fix oob write in trace_seq_to_buffer()","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntracing: Fix oob write in trace_seq_to_buffer()\n\nsyzbot reported this bug:\n==================================================================\nBUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in trace_seq_to_buffer kernel/trace/trace.c:1830 [inline]\nBUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in tracing_splice_read_pipe+0x6be/0xdd0 kernel/trace/trace.c:6822\nWrite of size 4507 at addr ffff888032b6b000 by task syz.2.320/7260\n\nCPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 7260 Comm: syz.2.320 Not tainted 6.15.0-rc1-syzkaller-00301-g3bde70a2c827 #0 PREEMPT(full)\nHardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 02/12/2025\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]\n dump_stack_lvl+0x116/0x1f0 lib/dump_stack.c:120\n print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:408 [inline]\n print_report+0xc3/0x670 mm/kasan/report.c:521\n kasan_report+0xe0/0x110 mm/kasan/report.c:634\n check_region_inline mm/kasan/generic.c:183 [inline]\n kasan_check_range+0xef/0x1a0 mm/kasan/generic.c:189\n __asan_memcpy+0x3c/0x60 mm/kasan/shadow.c:106\n trace_seq_to_buffer kernel/trace/trace.c:1830 [inline]\n tracing_splice_read_pipe+0x6be/0xdd0 kernel/trace/trace.c:6822\n ....\n==================================================================\n\nIt has been reported that trace_seq_to_buffer() tries to copy more data\nthan PAGE_SIZE to buf. Therefore, to prevent this, we should use the\nsmaller of trace_seq_used(&iter->seq) and PAGE_SIZE as an argument."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f","status":"affected","lessThan":"f4b0174e9f18aaba59ee6ffdaf8827a7f94eb606","versionType":"git"},{"version":"3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f","status":"affected","lessThan":"665ce421041890571852422487f4c613d1824ba9","versionType":"git"},{"version":"3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f","status":"affected","lessThan":"1a3f9482b50b74fa9421bff8ceecfefd0dc06f8f","versionType":"git"},{"version":"3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f","status":"affected","lessThan":"441021e5b3c7d9bd1b963590652c415929f3b157","versionType":"git"},{"version":"3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f","status":"affected","lessThan":"056ebbddb8faf4ddf83d005454dd78fc25c2d897","versionType":"git"},{"version":"3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f","status":"affected","lessThan":"1f27a3e93b8d674b24b27fcdbc6f72743cd96c0d","versionType":"git"},{"version":"3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f","status":"affected","lessThan":"c5d2b66c5ef5037b4b4360e5447605ff00ba1bd4","versionType":"git"},{"version":"3c56819b14b00dd449bd776303e61f8532fad09f","status":"affected","lessThan":"f5178c41bb43444a6008150fe6094497135d07cb","versionType":"git"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["kernel/trace/trace.c"]},{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","versions":[{"version":"2.6.30","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","status":"unaffected","lessThan":"2.6.30","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.4.294","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.4.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.10.238","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.10.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.15.182","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.1.138","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.6.90","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.12.28","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.14.6","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.14.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.15","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"*","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["kernel/trace/trace.c"]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f4b0174e9f18aaba59ee6ffdaf8827a7f94eb606"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/665ce421041890571852422487f4c613d1824ba9"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1a3f9482b50b74fa9421bff8ceecfefd0dc06f8f"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/441021e5b3c7d9bd1b963590652c415929f3b157"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/056ebbddb8faf4ddf83d005454dd78fc25c2d897"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1f27a3e93b8d674b24b27fcdbc6f72743cd96c0d"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c5d2b66c5ef5037b4b4360e5447605ff00ba1bd4"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f5178c41bb43444a6008150fe6094497135d07cb"}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:L - Exploitation requires opening `/sys/kernel/tracing/trace_pipe` (or a per-CPU variant) on the local system and issuing `splice(2)` against it. There is no network-facing path to `tracing_splice_read_pipe()`.\nAC:L - The overflow is deterministic and fully attacker-driven: generate more than one page of formatted trace output (a single ~4096-byte `trace_marker` record, or simply let `tracing_fill_pipe_page()` accumulate events up to the 8K trace_seq limit) and then splice from trace_pipe. No race, no memory-layout luck, and no non-default kernel config is needed.\nPR:L - `tracing_open_pipe()` contains no capability check whatsoever — reachability is gated only by DAC on the tracefs inode, and tracefs exposes `uid=`/`gid=`/`mode=` mount parameters precisely so a non-root group can be granted ftrace access. Android grants `shell`/atrace/Perfetto (`AID_READTRACEFS`) access to trace_pipe and distro/CI/observability deployments commonly chgrp the tracing tree, so an unprivileged local account reaches this path.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step (open, generate trace data, splice) from its own process. No victim action or interaction is required.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds write and disclosure occur within kernel memory under the same security authority as the kernel itself; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Before the fix `spd.partial[i].len` was set to `trace_seq_used()` (up to ~8152) for a 4096-byte page, so `splice_to_pipe()` returns a pipe buffer that lets userspace read roughly 4KB of adjacent kernel memory directly — an arbitrary-content kernel infoleak, on top of the OOB write's exploitability for further disclosure.\nI:H - `trace_seq_to_buffer()` memcpy's up to ~4056 bytes past the end of a freshly allocated order-0 page into adjacent kernel memory, with largely attacker-chosen content (e.g. arbitrary bytes injected via `trace_marker`). A ~4KB controlled linear-map overflow with attacker-groomable neighbours is a strong write primitive suitable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - The overflow corrupts whatever kernel memory follows the page, reliably producing KASAN splats, oopses, or panics as reported by syzbot, and it can be re-triggered at will."}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"Linux","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T11:58:24.005Z"},"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"2.6.30","versionEndExcluding":"5.4.294"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"2.6.30","versionEndExcluding":"5.10.238"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"2.6.30","versionEndExcluding":"5.15.182"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"2.6.30","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.138"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"2.6.30","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.90"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"2.6.30","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.28"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"2.6.30","versionEndExcluding":"6.14.6"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"2.6.30","versionEndExcluding":"6.15"}]}]}],"x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}},"adp":[{"title":"CVE Program Container","references":[{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"},{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00010.html"}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CVE","orgId":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108","dateUpdated":"2025-11-03T19:57:21.994Z"}}]}}}