{"id":"CVE-2025-2182","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"PAN-OS: Firewall Clusters using the MACsec Protocol Expose the Connectivity Association Key (CAK)","description":"A problem with the implementation of the MACsec protocol in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS® results in the cleartext exposure of the connectivity association key (CAK). This issue is only applicable to PA-7500 Series devices which are in an NGFW cluster.\nA user who possesses this key can read messages being sent between devices in a NGFW Cluster. There is no impact in non-clustered firewalls or clusters of firewalls that do not enable MACsec.","publishedAt":"2025-08-13T17:03:21.617Z","updatedAt":"2025-08-13T20:32:15.474Z","severity":{"score":5.6,"label":"Medium","version":"4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/AU:N/R:A/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber","source":"palo_alto"},"assigner":"palo_alto","products":["Palo Alto Networks Cloud NGFW","Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS","Palo Alto Networks Prisma Access"],"affected":[{"vendor":"Palo Alto Networks","product":"Cloud NGFW","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"All","status":"unaffected","lessThan":"3.2.449","changes":[{"at":"3.2.449","status":"unaffected"}],"versionType":"custom"}]},{"vendor":"Palo Alto Networks","product":"PAN-OS","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"11.2.0","status":"affected","lessThan":"11.2.8","changes":[{"at":"11.2.8","status":"unaffected"}],"versionType":"custom"},{"version":"11.1.0","status":"affected","lessThan":"11.1.10","changes":[{"at":"11.1.10","status":"unaffected"}],"versionType":"custom"},{"version":"10.2.0","status":"unaffected","versionType":"custom"},{"version":"10.1.0","status":"unaffected","versionType":"custom"}],"cpes":["cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.1.9:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.1.8:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.1.5:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*"],"modules":["Clusters"],"platforms":["PA-7500"]},{"vendor":"Palo Alto Networks","product":"PAN-OS","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"All","status":"unaffected","versionType":"custom"}],"platforms":["devices other than PA-7500"]},{"vendor":"Palo Alto Networks","product":"Prisma Access","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"All","status":"unaffected","versionType":"custom"}]}],"references":["https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2025-2182"],"weaknesses":["CWE-312"],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:08:55.257Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2025/2xxx/CVE-2025-2182.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.1","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-2182","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2025-08-13T17:03:21.617Z","dateUpdated":"2025-08-13T20:32:15.474Z","assignerShortName":"palo_alto","assignerOrgId":"d6c1279f-00f6-4ef7-9217-f89ffe703ec0","dateReserved":"2025-03-10T17:56:24.875Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"PAN-OS: Firewall Clusters using the MACsec Protocol Expose the Connectivity Association Key (CAK)","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"A problem with the implementation of the MACsec protocol in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS® results in the cleartext exposure of the connectivity association key (CAK). This issue is only applicable to PA-7500 Series devices which are in an NGFW cluster.\nA user who possesses this key can read messages being sent between devices in a NGFW Cluster. There is no impact in non-clustered firewalls or clusters of firewalls that do not enable MACsec."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"Palo Alto Networks","product":"Cloud NGFW","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"All","status":"unaffected","lessThan":"3.2.449","changes":[{"at":"3.2.449","status":"unaffected"}],"versionType":"custom"}]},{"vendor":"Palo Alto Networks","product":"PAN-OS","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"11.2.0","status":"affected","lessThan":"11.2.8","changes":[{"at":"11.2.8","status":"unaffected"}],"versionType":"custom"},{"version":"11.1.0","status":"affected","lessThan":"11.1.10","changes":[{"at":"11.1.10","status":"unaffected"}],"versionType":"custom"},{"version":"10.2.0","status":"unaffected","versionType":"custom"},{"version":"10.1.0","status":"unaffected","versionType":"custom"}],"cpes":["cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.1.9:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.1.8:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.1.5:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*","cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:PA-7500:*"],"modules":["Clusters"],"platforms":["PA-7500"]},{"vendor":"Palo Alto Networks","product":"PAN-OS","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"All","status":"unaffected","versionType":"custom"}],"platforms":["devices other than PA-7500"]},{"vendor":"Palo Alto Networks","product":"Prisma Access","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"All","status":"unaffected","versionType":"custom"}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2025-2182","tags":["vendor-advisory"]}],"metrics":[{"cvssV4_0":{"Automatable":"NO","Recovery":"AUTOMATIC","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"PRESENT","attackVector":"PHYSICAL","baseScore":5.6,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","privilegesRequired":"HIGH","providerUrgency":"AMBER","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","subConfidentialityImpact":"HIGH","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","valueDensity":"DIFFUSE","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/AU:N/R:A/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber","version":"4.0","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"HIGH","vulnIntegrityImpact":"NONE","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"MODERATE"},"format":"CVSS","scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"GENERAL"}]}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-312","description":"CWE-312 Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"palo_alto","orgId":"d6c1279f-00f6-4ef7-9217-f89ffe703ec0","dateUpdated":"2025-08-13T17:03:21.617Z"},"configurations":[{"lang":"eng","supportingMedia":[{"base64":false,"type":"text/html","value":"

The following conditions must be true to be vulnerable to this issue:

  1. Your PA-7500 Series devices must be in an NGFW cluster. For more information regarding NGFW Clusters see our documentation.

  2. A MACsec policy must be configured and enabled for the NGFW cluster. For more information about MACsec profiles please see our documentation.

"}],"value":"The following conditions must be true to be vulnerable to this issue:\n\n * Your PA-7500 Series devices must be in an NGFW cluster. For more information regarding NGFW Clusters see our documentation https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/pan-os/11-1/pan-os-admin/ngfw-clustering/ngfw-clusters .\n\n\n * A MACsec policy must be configured and enabled for the NGFW cluster. For more information about MACsec profiles please see our documentation https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/pan-os/11-1/pan-os-web-interface-help/network/network-network-profiles/network-network-profiles-macsec-profile ."}],"credits":[{"lang":"en","type":"finder","value":"This issue was found during an internal security review."}],"datePublic":"2025-08-13T16:00:00.000Z","exploits":[{"lang":"en","supportingMedia":[{"base64":false,"type":"text/html","value":"Palo Alto Networks is not aware of any malicious exploitation of this issue."}],"value":"Palo Alto Networks is not aware of any malicious exploitation of this issue."}],"impacts":[{"capecId":"CAPEC-158","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"CAPEC-158 Sniffing Network Traffic"}]}],"solutions":[{"lang":"eng","supportingMedia":[{"base64":false,"type":"text/html","value":"\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Version
Minor Version
Suggested Solution
Cloud NGFW
No action needed.
PAN-OS 11.2 on PA-7500
11.2.0 through 11.2.7Upgrade to 11.2.8 or later.
PAN-OS 11.1 on PA-7500
11.1.0 through 11.1.9Upgrade to 11.1.10 or later.
PAN-OS 10.2 on PA-7500
No action needed.
PAN-OS 10.1 on PA-7500
No action needed.
PAN-OS on devices other than PA-7500
No action needed.
All older
unsupported
PAN-OS versions		 Upgrade to a supported fixed version.
Prisma Access
No action needed.
"}],"value":"Version\nMinor Version\nSuggested Solution\nCloud NGFW\nNo action needed.\n PAN-OS 11.2 on PA-7500\n\n 11.2.0 through 11.2.7\n Upgrade to 11.2.8 or later.\n \n PAN-OS 11.1 on PA-7500\n\n 11.1.0 through 11.1.9\n Upgrade to 11.1.10 or later.\n PAN-OS 10.2 on PA-7500\nNo action needed.PAN-OS 10.1 on PA-7500\nNo action needed.PAN-OS on devices other than PA-7500\nNo action needed.All older\nunsupported\nPAN-OS versions Upgrade to a supported fixed version.Prisma Access\nNo action needed."}],"source":{"defect":["PAN-284490"],"discovery":"INTERNAL"},"timeline":[{"lang":"en","time":"2025-08-13T16:00:00.000Z","value":"Initial Publication"}],"workarounds":[{"lang":"eng","supportingMedia":[{"base64":false,"type":"text/html","value":"No known workarounds exist for this issue."}],"value":"No known workarounds exist for this issue."}],"x_affectedList":["PAN-OS 11.2.7-h2","PAN-OS 11.2.7-h1","PAN-OS 11.2.7","PAN-OS 11.2.6","PAN-OS 11.2.5","PAN-OS 11.2.4-h11","PAN-OS 11.2.4-h10","PAN-OS 11.2.4-h9","PAN-OS 11.2.4-h8","PAN-OS 11.2.4-h7","PAN-OS 11.2.4-h6","PAN-OS 11.2.4-h5","PAN-OS 11.2.4-h4","PAN-OS 11.2.4-h3","PAN-OS 11.2.4-h2","PAN-OS 11.2.4-h1","PAN-OS 11.2.4","PAN-OS 11.2.3-h5","PAN-OS 11.2.3-h4","PAN-OS 11.2.3-h3","PAN-OS 11.2.3-h2","PAN-OS 11.2.3-h1","PAN-OS 11.2.3","PAN-OS 11.2.2-h2","PAN-OS 11.2.2-h1","PAN-OS 11.2.1-h1","PAN-OS 11.2.1","PAN-OS 11.2.0-h1","PAN-OS 11.2.0","PAN-OS 11.1.9","PAN-OS 11.1.8","PAN-OS 11.1.6-h14","PAN-OS 11.1.6-h10","PAN-OS 11.1.6-h7","PAN-OS 11.1.6-h6","PAN-OS 11.1.6-h4","PAN-OS 11.1.6-h3","PAN-OS 11.1.6-h2","PAN-OS 11.1.6-h1","PAN-OS 11.1.6","PAN-OS 11.1.5-h1","PAN-OS 11.1.5","PAN-OS 11.1.4-h18","PAN-OS 11.1.4-h17","PAN-OS 11.1.4-h15","PAN-OS 11.1.4-h13","PAN-OS 11.1.4-h12","PAN-OS 11.1.4-h11","PAN-OS 11.1.4-h10","PAN-OS 11.1.4-h9","PAN-OS 11.1.4-h8","PAN-OS 11.1.4-h7","PAN-OS 11.1.4-h6","PAN-OS 11.1.4-h5","PAN-OS 11.1.4-h4","PAN-OS 11.1.4-h3","PAN-OS 11.1.4-h2","PAN-OS 11.1.4-h1","PAN-OS 11.1.4","PAN-OS 11.1.3-h13","PAN-OS 11.1.3-h12","PAN-OS 11.1.3-h11","PAN-OS 11.1.3-h10","PAN-OS 11.1.3-h9","PAN-OS 11.1.3-h8","PAN-OS 11.1.3-h7","PAN-OS 11.1.3-h6","PAN-OS 11.1.3-h5","PAN-OS 11.1.3-h4","PAN-OS 11.1.3-h3","PAN-OS 11.1.3-h2","PAN-OS 11.1.3-h1","PAN-OS 11.1.3","PAN-OS 11.1.2-h18","PAN-OS 11.1.2-h17","PAN-OS 11.1.2-h16","PAN-OS 11.1.2-h15","PAN-OS 11.1.2-h14","PAN-OS 11.1.2-h13","PAN-OS 11.1.2-h12","PAN-OS 11.1.2-h11","PAN-OS 11.1.2-h10","PAN-OS 11.1.2-h9","PAN-OS 11.1.2-h8","PAN-OS 11.1.2-h7","PAN-OS 11.1.2-h6","PAN-OS 11.1.2-h5","PAN-OS 11.1.2-h4","PAN-OS 11.1.2-h3","PAN-OS 11.1.2-h2","PAN-OS 11.1.2-h1","PAN-OS 11.1.2","PAN-OS 11.1.1-h2","PAN-OS 11.1.1-h1","PAN-OS 11.1.1","PAN-OS 11.1.0-h4","PAN-OS 11.1.0-h3","PAN-OS 11.1.0-h2","PAN-OS 11.1.0-h1","PAN-OS 11.1.0"],"x_generator":{"engine":"Vulnogram 0.1.0-dev"}},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"timestamp":"2025-08-13T20:32:04.428121Z","id":"CVE-2025-2182","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2025-08-13T20:32:15.474Z"}}]}}}