{"id":"CVE-2025-1686","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"Versions of the package io.pebbletemplates:pebble from 0 and before 4.1.0 are vulnerable to External Control of File Name or Path via the include tag. A high privileged attacker ca","description":"Versions of the package io.pebbletemplates:pebble from 0 and before 4.1.0 are vulnerable to External Control of File Name or Path via the include tag. A high privileged attacker can access sensitive local files by crafting malicious notification templates that leverage this tag to include files like /etc/passwd or /proc/1/environ.\r\r Workaround\r\rThis vulnerability can be mitigated by disabling the include macro in Pebble Templates:\r\rjava\rnew PebbleEngine.Builder()\r            .registerExtensionCustomizer(new DisallowExtensionCustomizerBuilder()\r                    .disallowedTokenParserTags(List.of(\"include\"))\r                    .build())\r            .build();","publishedAt":"2025-02-27T05:00:05.848Z","updatedAt":"2026-04-19T07:54:57.303Z","severity":{"score":6.1,"label":"Medium","version":"4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:P","source":"snyk"},"assigner":"snyk","products":["n/a io.pebbletemplates:pebble"],"affected":[{"vendor":"n/a","product":"io.pebbletemplates:pebble","versions":[{"version":"0","status":"affected","lessThan":"4.1.0","versionType":"semver"}]}],"references":["https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-IOPEBBLETEMPLATES-8745594","https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/issues/680","https://pebbletemplates.io/wiki/tag/include","https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/issues/688","https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/commit/b3451c8f305a1a248fbcc2363fd307d0baaee329","https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/pull/715"],"weaknesses":["CWE-73"],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:08:39.238Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2025/1xxx/CVE-2025-1686.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-1686","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2025-02-27T05:00:05.848Z","dateUpdated":"2026-04-19T07:54:57.303Z","assignerShortName":"snyk","assignerOrgId":"bae035ff-b466-4ff4-94d0-fc9efd9e1730","dateReserved":"2025-02-25T10:32:01.608Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"Versions of the package io.pebbletemplates:pebble from 0 and before 4.1.0 are vulnerable to External Control of File Name or Path via the include tag. A high privileged attacker can access sensitive local files by crafting malicious notification templates that leverage this tag to include files like /etc/passwd or /proc/1/environ.\r\r Workaround\r\rThis vulnerability can be mitigated by disabling the include macro in Pebble Templates:\r\rjava\rnew PebbleEngine.Builder()\r            .registerExtensionCustomizer(new DisallowExtensionCustomizerBuilder()\r                    .disallowedTokenParserTags(List.of(\"include\"))\r                    .build())\r            .build();"}],"affected":[{"vendor":"n/a","product":"io.pebbletemplates:pebble","versions":[{"version":"0","status":"affected","lessThan":"4.1.0","versionType":"semver"}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-IOPEBBLETEMPLATES-8745594"},{"url":"https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/issues/680"},{"url":"https://pebbletemplates.io/wiki/tag/include"},{"url":"https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/issues/688"},{"url":"https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/commit/b3451c8f305a1a248fbcc2363fd307d0baaee329"}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","exploitCodeMaturity":"PROOF_OF_CONCEPT","privilegesRequired":"HIGH","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"CHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"NONE","availabilityImpact":"NONE","baseScore":6.8,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:P"},"cvssV4_0":{"version":"4.0","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"NONE","exploitMaturity":"PROOF_OF_CONCEPT","privilegesRequired":"HIGH","userInteraction":"NONE","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","vulnIntegrityImpact":"NONE","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","subConfidentialityImpact":"HIGH","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","subAvailabilityImpact":"NONE","baseScore":6.1,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:P"}}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-73","description":"External Control of File Name or Path","lang":"en"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"snyk","orgId":"bae035ff-b466-4ff4-94d0-fc9efd9e1730","dateUpdated":"2026-04-19T07:54:57.303Z"},"credits":[{"value":"Jonathan Leitschuh","lang":"en"}]},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","references":[{"url":"https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-IOPEBBLETEMPLATES-8745594","tags":["exploit"]}],"metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"timestamp":"2025-02-27T14:44:07.532280Z","id":"CVE-2025-1686","options":[{"Exploitation":"poc"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-73","type":"CWE","lang":"en","description":"CWE-73 External Control of File Name or Path"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2025-02-27T14:44:57.552Z"}},{"title":"CVE Program Container","references":[{"url":"https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/pull/715"}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CVE","orgId":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108","dateUpdated":"2025-12-19T16:08:39.301Z"},"x_generator":{"engine":"ADPogram 0.0.1"}}]}}}