{"id":"CVE-2025-12044","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"Vault Vulnerable to Denial of Service Due to Rate Limit Regression","description":"Vault and Vault Enterprise (“Vault”) are vulnerable to an unauthenticated denial of service when processing JSON payloads. This occurs due to a regression from a previous fix for [+HCSEC-2025-24+|https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-24-vault-denial-of-service-though-complex-json-payloads/76393]  which allowed for processing JSON payloads before applying rate limits. This vulnerability, CVE-2025-12044, is fixed in Vault Community Edition 1.21.0 and Vault Enterprise 1.16.27, 1.19.11, 1.20.5, and 1.21.0.","publishedAt":"2025-10-23T19:15:16.567Z","updatedAt":"2025-10-23T20:00:16.601Z","severity":{"score":7.5,"label":"High","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","source":"HashiCorp"},"assigner":"HashiCorp","products":["HashiCorp Vault","HashiCorp Vault Enterprise"],"affected":[{"vendor":"HashiCorp","product":"Vault","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"1.20.3","status":"affected","lessThan":"1.21.0","versionType":"semver"}],"platforms":["64 bit","32 bit","x86","ARM","MacOS","Windows","Linux"],"repo":"https://github.com/hashicorp/vault"},{"vendor":"HashiCorp","product":"Vault Enterprise","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"1.20.3","status":"affected","lessThan":"1.21.0","changes":[{"at":"1.20.5","status":"unaffected"}],"versionType":"semver"},{"version":"1.19.9","status":"affected","lessThan":"1.19.11","changes":[{"at":"1.19.11","status":"unaffected"}],"versionType":"semver"},{"version":"1.18.14","status":"affected","lessThan":"1.18.15","changes":[{"at":"1.18.15","status":"affected"}],"versionType":"semver"},{"version":"1.16.25","status":"affected","lessThan":"1.16.27","changes":[{"at":"1.16.27","status":"unaffected"}],"versionType":"semver"}],"platforms":["64 bit","32 bit","x86","ARM","MacOS","Windows","Linux"],"repo":"https://github.com/hashicorp/vault"}],"references":["https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-31-vault-vulnerable-to-denial-of-service-due-to-rate-limit-regression/76710"],"weaknesses":["CWE-770"],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:08:31.050Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2025/12xxx/CVE-2025-12044.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.1","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-12044","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2025-10-23T19:15:16.567Z","dateUpdated":"2025-10-23T20:00:16.601Z","assignerShortName":"HashiCorp","assignerOrgId":"67fedba0-ff2e-4543-ba5b-aa93e87718cc","dateReserved":"2025-10-21T19:12:21.827Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"Vault Vulnerable to Denial of Service Due to Rate Limit Regression","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"Vault and Vault Enterprise (“Vault”) are vulnerable to an unauthenticated denial of service when processing JSON payloads. This occurs due to a regression from a previous fix for [+HCSEC-2025-24+|https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-24-vault-denial-of-service-though-complex-json-payloads/76393]  which allowed for processing JSON payloads before applying rate limits. This vulnerability, CVE-2025-12044, is fixed in Vault Community Edition 1.21.0 and Vault Enterprise 1.16.27, 1.19.11, 1.20.5, and 1.21.0."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"HashiCorp","product":"Vault","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"1.20.3","status":"affected","lessThan":"1.21.0","versionType":"semver"}],"platforms":["64 bit","32 bit","x86","ARM","MacOS","Windows","Linux"],"repo":"https://github.com/hashicorp/vault"},{"vendor":"HashiCorp","product":"Vault Enterprise","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"1.20.3","status":"affected","lessThan":"1.21.0","changes":[{"at":"1.20.5","status":"unaffected"}],"versionType":"semver"},{"version":"1.19.9","status":"affected","lessThan":"1.19.11","changes":[{"at":"1.19.11","status":"unaffected"}],"versionType":"semver"},{"version":"1.18.14","status":"affected","lessThan":"1.18.15","changes":[{"at":"1.18.15","status":"affected"}],"versionType":"semver"},{"version":"1.16.25","status":"affected","lessThan":"1.16.27","changes":[{"at":"1.16.27","status":"unaffected"}],"versionType":"semver"}],"platforms":["64 bit","32 bit","x86","ARM","MacOS","Windows","Linux"],"repo":"https://github.com/hashicorp/vault"}],"references":[{"url":"https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-31-vault-vulnerable-to-denial-of-service-due-to-rate-limit-regression/76710"}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"baseScore":7.5,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","version":"3.1"},"format":"CVSS","scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"GENERAL"}]}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-770","description":"CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"HashiCorp","orgId":"67fedba0-ff2e-4543-ba5b-aa93e87718cc","dateUpdated":"2025-10-23T19:15:16.567Z"},"impacts":[{"capecId":"CAPEC-130","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"CAPEC-130: Excessive Allocation"}]}],"source":{"advisory":"HCSEC-2025-31","discovery":"EXTERNAL"}},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"timestamp":"2025-10-23T19:57:38.994628Z","id":"CVE-2025-12044","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"yes"},{"Technical Impact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2025-10-23T20:00:16.601Z"}}]}}}