{"id":"CVE-2025-11411","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"Possible domain hijacking via promiscuous records in the authority section","description":"NLnet Labs Unbound up to and including version 1.24.1 is vulnerable to possible domain hijack attacks. Promiscuous NS RRSets that complement positive DNS replies in the authority section can be used to trick resolvers to update their delegation information for the zone. Usually these RRSets are used to update the resolver's knowledge of the zone's name servers. A malicious actor can exploit the possible poisonous effect by injecting NS RRSets (and possibly their respective address records) in a reply. This could be done for example by trying to spoof a packet or fragmentation attacks. Unbound would then proceed to update the NS RRSet data it already has since the new data has enough trust for it, i.e., in-zone data for the delegation point. Unbound 1.24.1 includes a fix that scrubs unsolicited NS RRSets (and their respective address records) from replies mitigating the possible poison effect. Unbound 1.24.2 includes an additional fix that scrubs unsolicited NS RRSets (and their respective address records) from YXDOMAIN and non-referral nodata replies, further mitigating the possible poison effect.","publishedAt":"2025-10-22T12:28:02.607Z","updatedAt":"2025-12-05T10:56:13.103Z","severity":{"score":5.7,"label":"Medium","version":"4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:H/E:P","source":"NLnet Labs"},"assigner":"NLnet Labs","products":["NLnet Labs Unbound"],"affected":[{"vendor":"NLnet Labs","product":"Unbound","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"0","status":"affected","lessThanOrEqual":"1.24.1","versionType":"semver"}]}],"references":["https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/downloads/unbound/CVE-2025-11411.txt","https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/11/msg00008.html","http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/11/26/4","https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/11/msg00032.html"],"weaknesses":["CWE-349"],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:08:31.050Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2025/11xxx/CVE-2025-11411.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-11411","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2025-10-22T12:28:02.607Z","dateUpdated":"2025-12-05T10:56:13.103Z","assignerShortName":"NLnet Labs","assignerOrgId":"206fc3a0-e175-490b-9eaa-a5738056c9f6","dateReserved":"2025-10-07T09:07:44.926Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"Possible domain hijacking via promiscuous records in the authority section","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"NLnet Labs Unbound up to and including version 1.24.1 is vulnerable to possible domain hijack attacks. Promiscuous NS RRSets that complement positive DNS replies in the authority section can be used to trick resolvers to update their delegation information for the zone. Usually these RRSets are used to update the resolver's knowledge of the zone's name servers. A malicious actor can exploit the possible poisonous effect by injecting NS RRSets (and possibly their respective address records) in a reply. This could be done for example by trying to spoof a packet or fragmentation attacks. Unbound would then proceed to update the NS RRSet data it already has since the new data has enough trust for it, i.e., in-zone data for the delegation point. Unbound 1.24.1 includes a fix that scrubs unsolicited NS RRSets (and their respective address records) from replies mitigating the possible poison effect. Unbound 1.24.2 includes an additional fix that scrubs unsolicited NS RRSets (and their respective address records) from YXDOMAIN and non-referral nodata replies, further mitigating the possible poison effect."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"NLnet Labs","product":"Unbound","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"0","status":"affected","lessThanOrEqual":"1.24.1","versionType":"semver"}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/downloads/unbound/CVE-2025-11411.txt","tags":["vendor-advisory"]}],"metrics":[{"cvssV4_0":{"baseScore":5.7,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:H/E:P","version":"4.0"},"format":"CVSS","scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"GENERAL"}]}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-349","description":"CWE-349 Acceptance of Extraneous Untrusted Data With Trusted Data","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"NLnet Labs","orgId":"206fc3a0-e175-490b-9eaa-a5738056c9f6","dateUpdated":"2025-12-05T10:56:13.103Z"},"credits":[{"lang":"en","type":"finder","value":"Yuxiao Wu (Tsinghua University)"},{"lang":"en","type":"finder","value":"Yunyi Zhang (Tsinghua University)"},{"lang":"en","type":"finder","value":"Baojun Liu (Tsinghua University)"},{"lang":"en","type":"finder","value":"Haixin Duan (Tsinghua University)"},{"lang":"en","type":"finder","value":"TaoFei Guo (Peking University)"},{"lang":"en","type":"finder","value":"Yang Luo (Tsinghua University)"},{"lang":"en","type":"finder","value":"JianJun Chen (Tsinghua University)"}],"datePublic":"2025-10-22T00:00:00.000Z","solutions":[{"lang":"en","value":"This issue is fixed in 1.24.2 and all later versions."}],"timeline":[{"lang":"en","time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00.000Z","value":"Issue reported by Yuxiao Wu"},{"lang":"en","time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00.000Z","value":"Issue acknowledged and mitigation shared by NLnet Labs"},{"lang":"en","time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00.000Z","value":"Fixes released with Unbound 1.24.1 (coordinated with other vendors)"},{"lang":"en","time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00.000Z","value":"Not complete fix in Unbound 1.24.1 reported by TaoFei Guo"},{"lang":"en","time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00.000Z","value":"Issue acknowledged and mitigation shared by NLnet Labs"},{"lang":"en","time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00.000Z","value":"Mitigation acknowledged by TaoFei Guo"},{"lang":"en","time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00.000Z","value":"Additional fixes released with Unbound 1.24.2"}],"x_generator":{"engine":"cvelib 1.8.0"}},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"timestamp":"2025-10-22T13:20:48.048984Z","id":"CVE-2025-11411","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"partial"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2025-10-22T13:21:55.355Z"}},{"title":"CVE Program Container","references":[{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/11/msg00008.html"},{"url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/11/26/4"},{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/11/msg00032.html"}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CVE","orgId":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108","dateUpdated":"2025-12-01T00:15:34.025Z"}}]}}}