{"id":"CVE-2025-11165","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"A sandbox escape vulnerability exists in dotCMS’s Velocity scripting engine (VTools) that allows authenticated users with scripting privileges to bypass class and package restricti","description":"A sandbox escape vulnerability exists in dotCMS’s Velocity scripting engine (VTools) that allows authenticated users with scripting privileges to bypass class and package restrictions enforced by SecureUberspectorImpl.\n\nBy dynamically modifying the Velocity engine’s runtime configuration and reinitializing its Uberspect, a malicious actor can remove the introspector.restrict.classes and introspector.restrict.packages protections.\n\nOnce these restrictions are cleared, the attacker can access arbitrary Java classes, including java.lang.Runtime, and execute arbitrary system commands under the privileges of the application process (e.g. dotCMS or Tomcat user).","publishedAt":"2026-02-24T08:27:07.579Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-24T14:35:53.768Z","severity":{"score":9.4,"label":"Critical","version":"4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H","source":"dotCMS"},"assigner":"dotCMS","products":["dotCMS dotCMS"],"affected":[{"vendor":"dotCMS","product":"dotCMS","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"24.12","status":"affected"},{"version":"25.07","status":"affected"}],"collectionURL":"https://www.dotcms.com/"}],"references":["https://dev.dotcms.com/docs/known-security-issues?issueNumber=SI-74"],"weaknesses":["CWE-89"],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:08:31.050Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2025/11xxx/CVE-2025-11165.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-11165","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2026-02-24T08:27:07.579Z","dateUpdated":"2026-02-24T14:35:53.768Z","assignerShortName":"dotCMS","assignerOrgId":"5b9d93f2-25c7-46b4-ab60-d201718c9dd8","dateReserved":"2025-09-29T16:47:07.465Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"A sandbox escape vulnerability exists in dotCMS’s Velocity scripting engine (VTools) that allows authenticated users with scripting privileges to bypass class and package restrictions enforced by SecureUberspectorImpl.\n\nBy dynamically modifying the Velocity engine’s runtime configuration and reinitializing its Uberspect, a malicious actor can remove the introspector.restrict.classes and introspector.restrict.packages protections.\n\nOnce these restrictions are cleared, the attacker can access arbitrary Java classes, including java.lang.Runtime, and execute arbitrary system commands under the privileges of the application process (e.g. dotCMS or Tomcat user)."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"dotCMS","product":"dotCMS","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"24.12","status":"affected"},{"version":"25.07","status":"affected"}],"collectionURL":"https://www.dotcms.com/"}],"references":[{"url":"https://dev.dotcms.com/docs/known-security-issues?issueNumber=SI-74","name":"dotCMS Known Security Issues - SI-74"}],"metrics":[{"cvssV4_0":{"attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"NONE","attackVector":"NETWORK","baseScore":9.4,"baseSeverity":"CRITICAL","exploitMaturity":"NOT_DEFINED","privilegesRequired":"LOW","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED","subAvailabilityImpact":"HIGH","subConfidentialityImpact":"HIGH","subIntegrityImpact":"HIGH","userInteraction":"NONE","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H","version":"4.0","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"HIGH","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"HIGH","vulnIntegrityImpact":"HIGH","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"NOT_DEFINED"},"format":"CVSS","scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"GENERAL"}]}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-89","description":"CWE-89 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"dotCMS","orgId":"5b9d93f2-25c7-46b4-ab60-d201718c9dd8","dateUpdated":"2026-02-24T08:27:07.579Z"},"impacts":[{"capecId":"CAPEC-180","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"CAPEC-180 Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels"}]},{"capecId":"CAPEC-122","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"CAPEC-122 Privilege Abuse"}]}],"source":{"discovery":"INTERNAL"},"x_generator":{"engine":"Vulnogram 0.5.0"}},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","metrics":[{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"timestamp":"2026-02-24T14:32:17.342754Z","id":"CVE-2025-11165","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"total"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2026-02-24T14:35:53.768Z"}}]}}}