{"id":"CVE-2024-26598","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"KVM: arm64: vgic-its: Avoid potential UAF in LPI translation cache","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: arm64: vgic-its: Avoid potential UAF in LPI translation cache\n\nThere is a potential UAF scenario in the case of an LPI translation\ncache hit racing with an operation that invalidates the cache, such\nas a DISCARD ITS command. The root of the problem is that\nvgic_its_check_cache() does not elevate the refcount on the vgic_irq\nbefore dropping the lock that serializes refcount changes.\n\nHave vgic_its_check_cache() raise the refcount on the returned vgic_irq\nand add the corresponding decrement after queueing the interrupt.","publishedAt":"2024-02-23T14:46:26.672Z","updatedAt":"2026-08-05T11:26:10.792Z","severity":{"score":8.8,"label":"High","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","source":"Linux"},"assigner":"Linux","products":["Linux Linux"],"affected":[{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"6211753fdfd05af9e08f54c8d0ba3ee516034878","status":"affected","lessThan":"d04acadb6490aa3314f9c9e087691e55de153b88","versionType":"git"},{"version":"6211753fdfd05af9e08f54c8d0ba3ee516034878","status":"affected","lessThan":"ba7be666740847d967822bed15500656b26bc703","versionType":"git"},{"version":"6211753fdfd05af9e08f54c8d0ba3ee516034878","status":"affected","lessThan":"12c2759ab1343c124ed46ba48f27bd1ef5d2dff4","versionType":"git"},{"version":"6211753fdfd05af9e08f54c8d0ba3ee516034878","status":"affected","lessThan":"dba788e25f05209adf2b0175eb1691dc89fb1ba6","versionType":"git"},{"version":"6211753fdfd05af9e08f54c8d0ba3ee516034878","status":"affected","lessThan":"65b201bf3e9af1b0254243a5881390eda56f72d1","versionType":"git"},{"version":"6211753fdfd05af9e08f54c8d0ba3ee516034878","status":"affected","lessThan":"dd3956a1b3dd11f46488c928cb890d6937d1ca80","versionType":"git"},{"version":"6211753fdfd05af9e08f54c8d0ba3ee516034878","status":"affected","lessThan":"ad362fe07fecf0aba839ff2cc59a3617bd42c33f","versionType":"git"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic-its.c"]},{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","versions":[{"version":"3.11","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","status":"unaffected","lessThan":"3.11","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.4.269","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.4.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.10.209","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.10.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.15.148","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.1.75","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.6.14","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.7.2","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.7.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.8","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"*","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic-its.c"]}],"references":["https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d04acadb6490aa3314f9c9e087691e55de153b88","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ba7be666740847d967822bed15500656b26bc703","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/12c2759ab1343c124ed46ba48f27bd1ef5d2dff4","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dba788e25f05209adf2b0175eb1691dc89fb1ba6","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/65b201bf3e9af1b0254243a5881390eda56f72d1","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd3956a1b3dd11f46488c928cb890d6937d1ca80","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ad362fe07fecf0aba839ff2cc59a3617bd42c33f","https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/06/msg00016.html"],"weaknesses":["CWE-416"],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:07:10.607Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2024/26xxx/CVE-2024-26598.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2024-26598","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2024-02-23T14:46:26.672Z","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T11:26:10.792Z","assignerShortName":"Linux","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","dateReserved":"2024-02-19T14:20:24.128Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"KVM: arm64: vgic-its: Avoid potential UAF in LPI translation cache","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: arm64: vgic-its: Avoid potential UAF in LPI translation cache\n\nThere is a potential UAF scenario in the case of an LPI translation\ncache hit racing with an operation that invalidates the cache, such\nas a DISCARD ITS command. The root of the problem is that\nvgic_its_check_cache() does not elevate the refcount on the vgic_irq\nbefore dropping the lock that serializes refcount changes.\n\nHave vgic_its_check_cache() raise the refcount on the returned vgic_irq\nand add the corresponding decrement after queueing the interrupt."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"6211753fdfd05af9e08f54c8d0ba3ee516034878","status":"affected","lessThan":"d04acadb6490aa3314f9c9e087691e55de153b88","versionType":"git"},{"version":"6211753fdfd05af9e08f54c8d0ba3ee516034878","status":"affected","lessThan":"ba7be666740847d967822bed15500656b26bc703","versionType":"git"},{"version":"6211753fdfd05af9e08f54c8d0ba3ee516034878","status":"affected","lessThan":"12c2759ab1343c124ed46ba48f27bd1ef5d2dff4","versionType":"git"},{"version":"6211753fdfd05af9e08f54c8d0ba3ee516034878","status":"affected","lessThan":"dba788e25f05209adf2b0175eb1691dc89fb1ba6","versionType":"git"},{"version":"6211753fdfd05af9e08f54c8d0ba3ee516034878","status":"affected","lessThan":"65b201bf3e9af1b0254243a5881390eda56f72d1","versionType":"git"},{"version":"6211753fdfd05af9e08f54c8d0ba3ee516034878","status":"affected","lessThan":"dd3956a1b3dd11f46488c928cb890d6937d1ca80","versionType":"git"},{"version":"6211753fdfd05af9e08f54c8d0ba3ee516034878","status":"affected","lessThan":"ad362fe07fecf0aba839ff2cc59a3617bd42c33f","versionType":"git"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic-its.c"]},{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","versions":[{"version":"3.11","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","status":"unaffected","lessThan":"3.11","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.4.269","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.4.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.10.209","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.10.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.15.148","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.1.75","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.6.14","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.7.2","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"6.7.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.8","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"*","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic-its.c"]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d04acadb6490aa3314f9c9e087691e55de153b88"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ba7be666740847d967822bed15500656b26bc703"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/12c2759ab1343c124ed46ba48f27bd1ef5d2dff4"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dba788e25f05209adf2b0175eb1691dc89fb1ba6"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/65b201bf3e9af1b0254243a5881390eda56f72d1"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd3956a1b3dd11f46488c928cb890d6937d1ca80"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ad362fe07fecf0aba839ff2cc59a3617bd42c33f"}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":8.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:L - Exploitation requires running code inside a KVM/arm64 guest (to issue ITS DISCARD/MAPD commands via GITS_CWRITER) or holding local /dev/kvm access to drive KVM_SIGNAL_MSI, so the attacker needs local access to the host or a VM on it. No purely remote network path can drive both sides of the race.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race — one vCPU thread issues DISCARD/MAPD ITS commands while another CPU (vhost worker via irqfd, or a userspace KVM_SIGNAL_MSI thread) performs the cache lookup — and can prime the cache deterministically with an INT command and repeat the loop indefinitely without any detection or rate limit.\nPR:L - The attacker only needs to be an unprivileged guest (or a local unprivileged user with /dev/kvm access, which is standard on virtualization hosts); no host root or special capability is required, and ITS emulation is created by default by QEMU's virt machine with GICv3.\nUI:N - The entire sequence — MAPTI/INT to populate the translation cache, MSI generation, and the DISCARD command — is driven autonomously by the attacker from inside the guest. No victim action is needed.\nS:C - The vulnerable component is KVM's vGIC ITS emulation, whose security authority is the guest VM, but the corrupted memory is host kernel heap; a guest crossing into host kernel memory is a guest-to-host boundary violation.\nC:H - The freed vgic_irq can be reallocated with attacker-controlled data and is then read back (intid, priority, group, config, vcpu/target_vcpu pointers) and re-linked into live host kernel lists, giving an arbitrary-pointer dereference and kernel memory disclosure primitive.\nI:H - The stale pointer is written through — spinlock acquire, pending_latch store, kref increment, and list_add_tail writing both into the freed chunk and storing its address into the live ap_list — a use-after-free write primitive leveragable for control-flow hijack and host privilege escalation.\nA:H - Even without successful heap grooming, the use-after-free corrupts the vgic ap_list and LPI list, reliably producing kernel oops, list-corruption BUG, or 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