{"id":"CVE-2022-49451","state":"PUBLISHED","title":"firmware: arm_scmi: Fix list protocols enumeration in the base protocol","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfirmware: arm_scmi: Fix list protocols enumeration in the base protocol\n\nWhile enumerating protocols implemented by the SCMI platform using\nBASE_DISCOVER_LIST_PROTOCOLS, the number of returned protocols is\ncurrently validated in an improper way since the check employs a sum\nbetween unsigned integers that could overflow and cause the check itself\nto be silently bypassed if the returned value 'loop_num_ret' is big\nenough.\n\nFix the validation avoiding the addition.","publishedAt":"2025-02-26T02:13:01.077Z","updatedAt":"2026-08-05T08:55:12.845Z","severity":{"score":8.4,"label":"High","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","source":"Linux"},"assigner":"Linux","products":["Linux Linux"],"affected":[{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"b6f20ff8bd94ad34032804a60bab5ee56752007e","status":"affected","lessThan":"444a2d27fe9867d0da4b28fc45b793f32e099ab8","versionType":"git"},{"version":"b6f20ff8bd94ad34032804a60bab5ee56752007e","status":"affected","lessThan":"b0e4bafac8963c2d85ee18d3d01f393735acceec","versionType":"git"},{"version":"b6f20ff8bd94ad34032804a60bab5ee56752007e","status":"affected","lessThan":"1052f22e127d0c34c3387bb389424ba1c61491ff","versionType":"git"},{"version":"b6f20ff8bd94ad34032804a60bab5ee56752007e","status":"affected","lessThan":"98342148a8cd242855d7e257f298c966c96dba9f","versionType":"git"},{"version":"b6f20ff8bd94ad34032804a60bab5ee56752007e","status":"affected","lessThan":"6e7978695f4a6cbd83616b5a702b77fa2087b247","versionType":"git"},{"version":"b6f20ff8bd94ad34032804a60bab5ee56752007e","status":"affected","lessThan":"2ccfcd7a09c826516edcfe464b05071961aada3f","versionType":"git"},{"version":"b6f20ff8bd94ad34032804a60bab5ee56752007e","status":"affected","lessThan":"8009120e0354a67068e920eb10dce532391361d0","versionType":"git"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/firmware/arm_scmi/base.c"]},{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","versions":[{"version":"4.17","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","status":"unaffected","lessThan":"4.17","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"4.19.247","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"4.19.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.4.198","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.4.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.10.121","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.10.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.15.46","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.17.14","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.17.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.18.3","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.18.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.19","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"*","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/firmware/arm_scmi/base.c"]}],"references":["https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/444a2d27fe9867d0da4b28fc45b793f32e099ab8","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b0e4bafac8963c2d85ee18d3d01f393735acceec","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1052f22e127d0c34c3387bb389424ba1c61491ff","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/98342148a8cd242855d7e257f298c966c96dba9f","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6e7978695f4a6cbd83616b5a702b77fa2087b247","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2ccfcd7a09c826516edcfe464b05071961aada3f","https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8009120e0354a67068e920eb10dce532391361d0"],"weaknesses":["CWE-190"],"ingestedAt":"2026-10-29T20:05:26.763Z","source":{"repository":"CVEProject/cvelistV5","path":"cves/2022/49xxx/CVE-2022-49451.json","commit":"556c9d3a8cd17e218bb8e452ba7cd619a384ff47"},"raw":{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2022-49451","state":"PUBLISHED","datePublished":"2025-02-26T02:13:01.077Z","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T08:55:12.845Z","assignerShortName":"Linux","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","dateReserved":"2025-02-26T02:08:31.572Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"title":"firmware: arm_scmi: Fix list protocols enumeration in the base protocol","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfirmware: arm_scmi: Fix list protocols enumeration in the base protocol\n\nWhile enumerating protocols implemented by the SCMI platform using\nBASE_DISCOVER_LIST_PROTOCOLS, the number of returned protocols is\ncurrently validated in an improper way since the check employs a sum\nbetween unsigned integers that could overflow and cause the check itself\nto be silently bypassed if the returned value 'loop_num_ret' is big\nenough.\n\nFix the validation avoiding the addition."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","versions":[{"version":"b6f20ff8bd94ad34032804a60bab5ee56752007e","status":"affected","lessThan":"444a2d27fe9867d0da4b28fc45b793f32e099ab8","versionType":"git"},{"version":"b6f20ff8bd94ad34032804a60bab5ee56752007e","status":"affected","lessThan":"b0e4bafac8963c2d85ee18d3d01f393735acceec","versionType":"git"},{"version":"b6f20ff8bd94ad34032804a60bab5ee56752007e","status":"affected","lessThan":"1052f22e127d0c34c3387bb389424ba1c61491ff","versionType":"git"},{"version":"b6f20ff8bd94ad34032804a60bab5ee56752007e","status":"affected","lessThan":"98342148a8cd242855d7e257f298c966c96dba9f","versionType":"git"},{"version":"b6f20ff8bd94ad34032804a60bab5ee56752007e","status":"affected","lessThan":"6e7978695f4a6cbd83616b5a702b77fa2087b247","versionType":"git"},{"version":"b6f20ff8bd94ad34032804a60bab5ee56752007e","status":"affected","lessThan":"2ccfcd7a09c826516edcfe464b05071961aada3f","versionType":"git"},{"version":"b6f20ff8bd94ad34032804a60bab5ee56752007e","status":"affected","lessThan":"8009120e0354a67068e920eb10dce532391361d0","versionType":"git"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/firmware/arm_scmi/base.c"]},{"vendor":"Linux","product":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","versions":[{"version":"4.17","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","status":"unaffected","lessThan":"4.17","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"4.19.247","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"4.19.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.4.198","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.4.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.10.121","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.10.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.15.46","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.17.14","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.17.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.18.3","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"5.18.*","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.19","status":"unaffected","lessThanOrEqual":"*","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/firmware/arm_scmi/base.c"]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/444a2d27fe9867d0da4b28fc45b793f32e099ab8"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b0e4bafac8963c2d85ee18d3d01f393735acceec"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1052f22e127d0c34c3387bb389424ba1c61491ff"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/98342148a8cd242855d7e257f298c966c96dba9f"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6e7978695f4a6cbd83616b5a702b77fa2087b247"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2ccfcd7a09c826516edcfe464b05071961aada3f"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8009120e0354a67068e920eb10dce532391361d0"}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":8.4,"baseSeverity":"HIGH"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:L - The overflow is reached only while processing local SCMI platform replies on mailbox/SMC/OP-TEE/virtio transports during base-protocol init (scmi_probe → scmi_protocol_acquire(BASE) → scmi_base_implementation_list_get); there is no network or adjacent-protocol path into this enumeration.\nAC:L - A malicious SCMI peer fully controls loop_num_ret and can deterministically return a small first batch then 0xFFFFFFFF so tot_num_ret + loop_num_ret wraps and bypasses the bounds check, with no race or attacker-uncontrollable condition.\nPR:N - Under the virtio-scmi and compromised-SCP threat models the attacker needs no guest/OS account or capability—crafted BASE_DISCOVER_LIST_PROTOCOLS responses are consumed automatically at probe with no authentication on the Linux side.\nUI:N - Base-protocol enumeration runs automatically during SCMI device probe at boot/hotplug; no victim mount, open, or other interactive step is required.\nS:U - The resulting heap corruption stays inside the host/guest kernel’s own security authority; this is not a guest-to-host escape, IOMMU bypass, or Normal/Secure-world boundary cross.\nC:H - Bypassing the check drives an unbounded for-loop that both over-reads past the rx message buffer (list + loop) and corrupts adjacent heap via the 16-byte protocols_imp write, yielding disclosure primitives consistent with OOB/memory-corruption guidance.\nI:H - The same integer-overflow bypass produces a heap out-of-bounds write past the MAX_PROTOCOLS_IMP-sized protocols_imp allocation, which is an arbitrary-write/control-flow hijack primitive under kernel CVSS guidance.\nA:H - The huge post-wrap loop_num_ret inevitably faults on OOB read/write or corrupts allocator state into an oops/panic, so availability impact is High even without a full exploit."}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"Linux","orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T08:55:12.845Z"},"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.17","versionEndExcluding":"4.19.247"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.17","versionEndExcluding":"5.4.198"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.17","versionEndExcluding":"5.10.121"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.17","versionEndExcluding":"5.15.46"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.17","versionEndExcluding":"5.17.14"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.17","versionEndExcluding":"5.18.3"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.17","versionEndExcluding":"5.19"}]}]}],"x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}},"adp":[{"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"scope":"UNCHANGED","version":"3.1","baseScore":5.5,"attackVector":"LOCAL","baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","integrityImpact":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","attackComplexity":"LOW","availabilityImpact":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"LOW","confidentialityImpact":"NONE"}},{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"id":"CVE-2022-49451","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"partial"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2025-10-01T19:40:29.513301Z"}}}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-190","lang":"en","type":"CWE","description":"CWE-190 Integer Overflow or Wraparound"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"shortName":"CISA-ADP","orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","dateUpdated":"2025-10-01T19:46:48.095Z"}}]}}}